Attarha Mouna, Carolina de Figueiredo Pelegrino Ana, Ouellet Lydia, Grant Sarah-Jane, de Villers-Sidani Etienne, Van Vleet Thomas
Posit Science Corporation, 160 Pine St Suite 200, San Francisco, CA, 94111, United States, 1 415-394-3100 ext 505.
Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
JMIR Form Res. 2025 Jul 14;9:e75687. doi: 10.2196/75687.
BACKGROUND: Executive function encompasses a set of higher-order cognitive processes, including planning, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control, that are essential for goal-directed behavior. These abilities are adversely affected by age, with executive dysfunction ultimately impairing the performance of activities of daily living. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the validity of a computerized cognitive assessment in predicting executive function performance in healthy older adults. METHODS: This retrospective analysis utilized baseline data from the Improving Neurological Health in Aging via Neuroplasticity-Based Computerized Exercise (INHANCE) trial. The study provides normative data for cognitively healthy older adults (aged 65 years and above) and evaluates the usability and validity of Freeze Frame, a cognitive assessment available on the BrainHQ platform. Performance on Freeze Frame was analyzed in relation to self-reported demographic variables and neuropsychological function, using a standardized measure of executive function, the National Institutes of Health Executive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research (NIH EXAMINER). RESULTS: The intent-to-treat analysis included 92 cognitively healthy older adults (mean age 71.9, SD 4.86, range: 65-83 years), of whom 66% (61/92) were female, with a mean education level of 16.45 (SD 3.40, range: 9-27) years. Performance on Freeze Frame was modestly associated with executive function scores on NIH EXAMINER (P=.02), accounting for 6.8% of the variance. The assessment showed a small but statistically significant relationship to age (ρ=-0.22, P=.046) and gender, with no significant influence of education. Psychometric evaluation supported its usability, with an average completion time of 4 (SD 0.16) minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Freeze Frame is a brief, scalable, and accessible computerized cognitive assessment with demonstrated concurrent validity for executive function. Its efficiency and ease of administration across internet-connected devices suggests potential applications for cognitive screening. Future research should explore its utility in detecting executive dysfunction in clinical populations and its potential role in predicting functional performance across activities of daily living.
背景：执行功能包含一系列高阶认知过程，包括计划、认知灵活性和抑制控制，这些对于目标导向行为至关重要。这些能力会受到年龄的不利影响，执行功能障碍最终会损害日常生活活动的表现。 目的：本研究旨在评估一种计算机化认知评估在预测健康老年人执行功能表现方面的有效性。 方法：这项回顾性分析利用了基于神经可塑性的计算机化锻炼改善衰老神经健康（INHANCE）试验的基线数据。该研究为认知健康的老年人（65岁及以上）提供了规范数据，并评估了BrainHQ平台上可用的一种认知评估——定格测试（Freeze Frame）的可用性和有效性。使用执行功能的标准化测量工具——美国国立卫生研究院执行能力：神经行为评估与研究测量与工具（NIH EXAMINER），分析定格测试的表现与自我报告的人口统计学变量和神经心理功能之间的关系。 结果：意向性分析纳入了92名认知健康的老年人（平均年龄71.9岁，标准差4.86，范围：65 - 83岁），其中66%（61/92）为女性，平均教育水平为16.45（标准差3.40，范围：9 - 27）年。定格测试的表现与NIH EXAMINER上的执行功能得分有适度关联（P = 0.02），占方差的6.8%。该评估显示与年龄（ρ = -0.22，P = 0.046）和性别有小但具有统计学意义的关系，教育无显著影响。心理测量评估支持其可用性，平均完成时间为4（标准差0.16）分钟。 结论：定格测试是一种简短、可扩展且易于使用的计算机化认知评估，对执行功能具有已证明的同时效度。其在联网设备上的高效性和易于实施表明了其在认知筛查中的潜在应用。未来的研究应探索其在检测临床人群执行功能障碍方面的效用及其在预测日常生活活动功能表现方面的潜在作用。
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