Yamaguchi Takahiro, Yoshida Isamu, Itoh Yoshihisa, Tachibana Mineji, Takahashi Choichiro, Kaku Mitsuo, Kanemitsu Keiji, Okada Masahiko, Horikawa Yoshinori, Shiotani Joji, Kino Hiroyoshi, Ono Yuka, Baba Hisashi, Matsuo Shuji, Asari Seishi, Toyokawa Masahiro, Matsuoka Kimiko, Kusano Nobuchika, Nose Motoko, Murase Mitsuharu, Miyamoto Hitoshi, Saikawa Tetsunori, Hiramatsu Kazufumi, Kohno Shigeru, Yanagihara Katsunori, Yamane Nobuhisa, Nakasone Isamu, Maki Hideki, Yamano Yoshinori
Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
Jpn J Antibiot. 2010 Dec;63(6):431-56.
The activity of antibacterial agents against aerobic Gram-positive cocci (26 species, 1022 strains) and anaerobic bacteria (23 species, 184 strains) isolated from clinical specimens in 2006 at 16 clinical facilities in Japan were studied using either broth microdilution or agar dilution method. The ratio of methicillin-resistant strains among Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was 53.0% and 65.8%, suggesting that resistant strains were isolated at high frequency. Vancomycin (VCM) and quinupristin/dalfopristin (QPR/DPR) had good antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis, with MIC90s of < or = 2 micrcog/mL. The ratio of penicillin (PC) intermediate and resistant strains classified by mutations of PC-binding proteins among Streptococcus pneumoniae was 87.6%. Ceftriaxone, cefpirome, cefepime, carbapenem antibiotics, VCM, teicoplanin, linezolid(LZD) and QPR/DPR had MIC90s of < or = 1 microg/mL against PC-intermediate and resistant S. pneumoniae strains. Against all strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, the MICs of VCM and TEIC were under 2 microg/mL, and no resistant strain was detected, suggesting that these agents had excellent activities against these species. 10.9% of E. faecalis strains or 3.5% of E. faecium strains showed intermediate or resistant to LZD. 24.4% of E. faecium strains showed intermediate or resistant to QPR/DPR. Against all strains of Clostridium difficile, the MIC of VCM were under 1 microg/mL, suggesting that VCM had excellent activity against C. difficile. Carbapenems showed good activity against Peptococcaceae, Bacteroides spp., and Prevotella spp. However since several strains of Bacteroides fragilis showed resistant to carbapenems and the susceptibility of this species should be well-focused in the future.
采用肉汤微量稀释法或琼脂稀释法，对2006年从日本16家临床机构的临床标本中分离出的需氧革兰氏阳性球菌（26种，1022株）和厌氧菌（23种，184株）进行了抗菌药物活性研究。金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌中耐甲氧西林菌株的比例分别为53.0%和65.8%，表明耐药菌株的分离频率较高。万古霉素（VCM）和奎奴普丁/达福普汀（QPR/DPR）对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌具有良好的抗菌活性，MIC90s≤2μg/mL。肺炎链球菌中因青霉素结合蛋白突变而分类的青霉素（PC）中介和耐药菌株的比例为87.6%。头孢曲松、头孢匹罗、头孢吡肟、碳青霉烯类抗生素、VCM、替考拉宁、利奈唑胺（LZD）和QPR/DPR对PC中介和耐药肺炎链球菌菌株的MIC90s≤1μg/mL。对于所有粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌菌株，VCM和替考拉宁的MICs均低于2μg/mL，未检测到耐药菌株，表明这些药物对这些菌种具有优异的活性。10.9%的粪肠球菌菌株或3.5%的屎肠球菌菌株对LZD表现出中介或耐药。24.4%的屎肠球菌菌株对QPR/DPR表现出中介或耐药。对于所有艰难梭菌菌株，VCM的MIC低于1μg/mL，表明VCM对艰难梭菌具有优异的活性。碳青霉烯类抗生素对消化球菌科、拟杆菌属和普雷沃菌属表现出良好的活性。然而，由于几株脆弱拟杆菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药，该菌种的敏感性在未来应得到充分关注。
