Yoshida Isamu, Yamaguchi Takahiro, Kudo Reiko, Fuji Rieko, Takahashi Choichiro, Oota Reiko, Kaku Mitsuo, Kunishima Hiroyuki, Okada Masahiko, Horikawa Yoshinori, Shiotani Joji, Kino Hiroyoshi, Ono Yuka, Fujita Shinichi, Matsuo Shuji, Kono Hisashi, Asari Seishi, Toyokawa Masahiro, Kusano Nobuchika, Nose Motoko, Horii Toshinobu, Tanimoto Ayako, Miyamoto Hitoshi, Saikawa Tetsunori, Hiramatsu Kazufumi, Kohno Shigeru, Yanagihara Katsunori, Yamane Nobuhisa, Nakasone Isamu, Maki Hideki, Yamano Yoshinori
Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd.
Jpn J Antibiot. 2012 Feb;65(1):49-72.
The activity of antibacterial agents against aerobic Gram-positive cocci (25 genus or species, 1029 strains) and anaerobic bacteria (21 genus or species, 187 strains) isolated from clinical specimens in 2008 at 16 clinical facilities in Japan were studied using either broth microdilution or agar dilution method. The ratio of methicillin-resistant strains among Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was 59.6% and 81.2%, suggesting that resistant strains were isolated at high frequency. Vancomycin (VCM), linezolid (LZD) and quinupristin/dalfopristin (QPR/DPR) had good antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis, with MIC90s of < or = 2 microg/mL. The ratio of penicillin (PC) intermediate and resistant strains classified by mutations of PC-binding proteins among Streptococcus pneumoniae was 92.0% that was highest among our previous reports. Cefpirome, carbapenems, VCM, teicoplanin (TEIC), LZD and QPR/DPR had MIC90s of < or = 1 microg/mL against PC-intermediate and resistant S. pneumoniae strains. Against all strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, the MICs of VCM and TEIC were under 2 microg/mL, and no resistant strain was detected, suggesting that these agents had excellent activities against these species. 15.9% of E. faecalis strains and 1.2% of E. faecium strains showed intermediate to LZD. 17.1% of E. faecium strains showed intermediate or resistant to QPR/DPR. Against all strains of Clostridium difficile, the MIC of VCM was under 1 microg/mL, suggesting that VCM had excellent activity. Carbapenems showed good activity against Clostridiales, Bacteroides spp., and Prevotella spp., but one strain of Bacteroides fragilis showed resistant to carbapenems. And so, the susceptibility of this species should be well-focused in the future at detecting continuously.
采用肉汤微量稀释法或琼脂稀释法，对2008年从日本16家临床机构的临床标本中分离出的需氧革兰氏阳性球菌（25个属或种，1029株）和厌氧菌（21个属或种，187株）进行了抗菌药物活性研究。金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌中耐甲氧西林菌株的比例分别为59.6%和81.2%，表明耐药菌株的分离频率较高。万古霉素（VCM）、利奈唑胺（LZD）和奎奴普丁/达福普汀（QPR/DPR）对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌具有良好的抗菌活性，MIC90s≤2μg/mL。在肺炎链球菌中，通过青霉素结合蛋白突变分类的青霉素（PC）中介和耐药菌株的比例为92.0%，这是我们之前报告中最高的。头孢匹罗、碳青霉烯类、VCM、替考拉宁（TEIC）、LZD和QPR/DPR对PC中介和耐药肺炎链球菌菌株的MIC90s≤1μg/mL。对于所有粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌菌株，VCM和TEIC的MIC均低于2μg/mL，未检测到耐药菌株，表明这些药物对这些菌种具有优异的活性。15.9%的粪肠球菌菌株和1.2%的屎肠球菌菌株对LZD表现为中介。17.1%的屎肠球菌菌株对QPR/DPR表现为中介或耐药。对于所有艰难梭菌菌株，VCM的MIC低于1μg/mL，表明VCM具有优异的活性。碳青霉烯类对梭菌目、拟杆菌属和普雷沃菌属表现出良好的活性，但有1株脆弱拟杆菌对碳青霉烯类耐药。因此，该菌种的药敏情况在未来持续检测中应予以高度关注。
