Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Thromb Haemost. 2011 May;105(5):783-9. doi: 10.1160/TH10-10-0635. Epub 2011 Mar 24.
Increased vascular permeability and consequent plasma leakage from postcapillary venules is a cardinal sign of inflammation. Although the movement of plasma constituents from the vasculature to the affected tissue aids in clearing the inflammatory stimulus, excessive plasma extravasation can lead to hospitalisation or death in cases such as influenza-induced pneumonia, burns or brain injury. The use of intravital imaging has significantly contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms controlling the vascular permeability alterations that occur during inflammation. Today, intravital imaging can be performed using optical and non-optical techniques. Optical techniques, which are generally used in experimental settings, include traditional intravital fluorescence microscopy and near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Magnetic resonance (MRI) and radioisotopic imaging are used mainly in the clinical setting, but are increasingly used in experimental work, and can detect plasma leakage without optics. Although these methods are all able to visualise inflammatory plasma leakage in vivo, the spatial and temporal resolution differs between the techniques. In addition, they vary with regards to invasiveness and availability. This overview discusses the use of imaging techniques in the visualisation of inflammatory plasma leakage.
血管通透性增加和随后的毛细血管后静脉血浆渗漏是炎症的一个主要特征。虽然血浆成分从血管向受影响的组织移动有助于清除炎症刺激，但在流感引起的肺炎、烧伤或脑损伤等情况下，过度的血浆外渗可导致住院或死亡。活体成像的应用极大地促进了对炎症过程中控制血管通透性改变的机制的理解。如今，活体成像可以使用光学和非光学技术进行。光学技术通常用于实验设置，包括传统的活体荧光显微镜和近红外荧光成像。磁共振（MRI）和放射性同位素成像主要用于临床环境，但越来越多地用于实验工作，并且可以在没有光学的情况下检测到血浆渗漏。尽管这些方法都能够在体内可视化炎症性血浆渗漏，但它们在空间和时间分辨率上存在差异。此外，它们在侵入性和可用性方面也有所不同。这篇综述讨论了成像技术在可视化炎症性血浆渗漏中的应用。
