Martin Benjamin A, Brown Noelle L, Hicks Jason L
Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Can J Exp Psychol. 2011 Mar;65(1):48-56. doi: 10.1037/a0022872.
The effect of delay on prospective memory (PM) is mixed. Research has typically shown that PM either decreases or remains unchanged as the time increases between intention formation and encounter with a PM cue. However, the results of one study demonstrated that PM sometimes increases with increasing delays (Hicks, Marsh, & Russell, 2000). Hicks et al. hypothesised that increasing the delay may afford an opportunity for people to spontaneously rehearse the intention, or to be reminded of the intention. In the present work, we tested delays of 6 minutes, 21 minutes, and 36 minutes. Two factors were orthogonally manipulated between-subjects. One was the duration of the filler task that came between intention formation and the beginning of the ongoing task in which PM cues were embedded. The second was the duration of the ongoing task prior to the presentation of the first PM cue. Lengthening the ongoing task delay decreased PM. However, lengthening the filler task nominally increased PM. These results suggest that delays within the ongoing task replicate the effects traditionally found in retrospective memory work. In contrast, delays between intention formation and the beginning of the ongoing task may not have straightforward effects on PM retrieval.
延迟对前瞻记忆（PM）的影响是复杂的。研究通常表明，随着意图形成与遇到PM线索之间的时间增加，PM要么下降，要么保持不变。然而，一项研究的结果表明，PM有时会随着延迟时间的增加而增加（希克斯、马什和拉塞尔，2000年）。希克斯等人推测，增加延迟可能为人们提供自发排练意图或被提醒意图的机会。在本研究中，我们测试了6分钟、21分钟和36分钟的延迟。在被试间对两个因素进行了正交操纵。一个是在意图形成与嵌入PM线索的正在进行的任务开始之间的填充任务的持续时间。另一个是在呈现第一个PM线索之前正在进行的任务的持续时间。延长正在进行的任务延迟会降低PM。然而，延长填充任务名义上会增加PM。这些结果表明，正在进行的任务中的延迟重现了传统上在回溯记忆研究中发现的效果。相比之下，意图形成与正在进行的任务开始之间的延迟可能对PM检索没有直接影响。
