Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA.
J Psychopharmacol. 2012 Jan;26(1):92-103. doi: 10.1177/0269881111400652. Epub 2011 Mar 29.
There are two well characterized cannabinoid receptors (CBRs), CB1-Rs and CB2-Rs, with other candidates, such as GPR55, PPARs and vanilloid TRPV1 (VR1) receptors, which are either activated by cannabinoids and/or endocannabinoids (eCBs). The neuronal and functional expression of CB2-Rs in the brain has been much less well characterized in comparison with the expression of the ubiquitous CB1-Rs. CB2-Rs were previously thought to be predominantly expressed in immune cells in the periphery and were traditionally referred to as peripheral CB2-Rs. We and others have now demonstrated the expression of CB2-Rs in neuronal, glial and endothelial cells in the brain, and this warrants a re-evaluation of the CNS effects of CB2-Rs. In the present review we summarize our current understanding of CNR2 genomic structure, its polymorphic nature, subtype specificity, from mice to human subjects, and its variants that confer vulnerabilities to neuropsychiatric disorders beyond neuro-immuno-cannabinoid activity.
有两种特征明确的大麻素受体（CBR），CB1-Rs 和 CB2-Rs，还有其他候选受体，如 GPR55、PPARs 和香草素 TRPV1（VR1）受体，它们被大麻素和/或内源性大麻素（eCBs）激活。与无处不在的 CB1-Rs 相比，大脑中 CB2-Rs 的神经元和功能表达特征要差得多。CB2-Rs 以前被认为主要在外周免疫细胞中表达，传统上被称为外周 CB2-Rs。我们和其他人现在已经证明了 CB2-Rs 在大脑中的神经元、神经胶质细胞和内皮细胞中的表达，这需要重新评估 CB2-Rs 在中枢神经系统中的作用。在本综述中，我们总结了我们目前对 CNR2 基因组结构、多态性、亚型特异性的理解，从老鼠到人类，以及其变体赋予神经精神障碍的易感性，超出了神经免疫大麻素活性。
