Hagen Marco, Hennig Ewald M, Stieldorf Peter
Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Movement Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
J Appl Biomech. 2011 Feb;27(1):22-31. doi: 10.1123/jab.27.1.22.
Nordic walking (NW) was compared with walking (W) and running (R) with respect to upper and lower limb injury risks. 24 NW-instructors performed W, NW, and R trials on a runway covered with artificial turf at controlled speeds. Foot pronation and ground reaction forces were measured as well as shock wave transmission to the right wrist. Comparison of NW and W shows similar results for all of the four chosen velocities (5 km/h, 7 km/h, 8 km/h, 8.5 km/h). Except for the 2nd peak of the vertical ground reaction force, NW results in higher loading rates and horizontal forces as well as higher pronation and pronation velocity values as compared with W. Wrist acceleration values up to 7.6 times gravitational acceleration were recorded in NW. Compared with R at the same speeds (8 km/h and 8.5 km/h), NW can be recommended as low impact sport with 36% lower loading rates and 59% lower pronation velocities. However, the high wrist accelerations in NW reveal that the upper extremities are exposed to considerable repetitive shocks, which may cause overuse injuries of the upper extremities. Thus, additional preventive exercises for the upper limb muscles are recommended as well as using shock absorbing walking poles.
就上肢和下肢受伤风险而言，对北欧式健走（NW）与普通行走（W）和跑步（R）进行了比较。24名北欧式健走教练在覆盖人工草皮的跑道上以可控速度进行了普通行走、北欧式健走和跑步试验。测量了足部内旋和地面反作用力以及向右手腕的冲击波传播情况。北欧式健走和普通行走的比较显示，在所选的四种速度（5公里/小时、7公里/小时、8公里/小时、8.5公里/小时）下结果相似。与普通行走相比，除了垂直地面反作用力的第二个峰值外，北欧式健走会产生更高的负荷率和水平力，以及更高的内旋和内旋速度值。在北欧式健走中记录到高达重力加速度7.6倍的手腕加速度值。与相同速度（8公里/小时和8.5公里/小时）下的跑步相比，北欧式健走可被推荐为低冲击力运动，其负荷率低36%，内旋速度低59%。然而，北欧式健走中较高的手腕加速度表明上肢受到相当大的重复性冲击，这可能导致上肢过度使用损伤。因此，建议对上臂肌肉进行额外的预防性锻炼，并使用减震健走杖。
