Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Institute of Population Health, 1 Stewart Street, office 303, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
BMC Public Health. 2011 Mar 31;11:199. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-199.
Childhood overweight is not restricted to developed countries: a number of lower- and middle-income countries are struggling with the double burden of underweight and overweight. Another public health problem that concerns both developing and, to a lesser extent, developed countries is food insecurity. This study presents a comparative gender-based analysis of the association between household food insecurity and overweight among 10-to-11-year-old children living in the Canadian province of Québec and in the country of Jamaica.
Analyses were performed using data from the 2008 round of the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development and the Jamaica Youth Risk and Resiliency Behaviour Survey of 2007. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 1190 10-year old children in Québec and 1674 10-11-year-old children in Jamaica. Body mass index was derived using anthropometric measurements and overweight was defined using Cole's age- and sex-specific criteria. Questionnaires were used to collect data on food insecurity. The associations were examined using chi-square tests and multivariate regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.
The prevalence of overweight was 26% and 11% (p < 0.001) in the Québec and Jamaican samples, respectively. In Québec, the adjusted odds ratio for being overweight was 3.03 (95% CI: 1.8-5.0) among children living in food-insecure households, in comparison to children living in food-secure households. Furthermore, girls who lived in food-insecure households had odds of 4.99 (95% CI: 2.4-10.5) for being overweight in comparison to girls who lived in food-secure households; no such differences were observed among boys. In Jamaica, children who lived in food-insecure households had significantly lower odds (OR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.4-0.9) for being overweight in comparison to children living in food-secure households. No gender differences were observed in the relationship between food-insecurity and overweight/obesity among Jamaican children.
Public health interventions which aim to stem the epidemic of overweight/obesity should consider gender differences and other family factors associated with overweight/obesity in both developed and developing countries.
儿童超重问题不仅存在于发达国家，一些中低收入国家也面临着体重不足和超重的双重负担。另一个令发展中国家和一定程度上的发达国家都关注的公共卫生问题是粮食不安全。本研究对加拿大魁北克省和牙买加的 10-11 岁儿童进行了基于性别的家庭粮食不安全与超重之间关联的比较分析。
本研究使用了 2008 年魁北克纵向儿童发展研究和 2007 年牙买加青年风险和适应行为调查的数据进行分析。横断面数据来自于魁北克的 1190 名 10 岁儿童和牙买加的 1674 名 10-11 岁儿童。体重指数通过人体测量学测量得出，超重则使用科尔（Cole）特定年龄和性别的标准来定义。使用问卷收集粮食不安全数据。使用卡方检验来检验相关性，使用多变量回归模型来估计比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间。
超重的患病率分别为 26%和 11%（p<0.001），在魁北克和牙买加的样本中。在魁北克，与居住在粮食安全家庭的儿童相比，居住在粮食不安全家庭的儿童超重的调整比值比为 3.03（95%CI：1.8-5.0）。此外，与居住在粮食安全家庭的女孩相比，居住在粮食不安全家庭的女孩超重的比值比为 4.99（95%CI：2.4-10.5）；而男孩则没有观察到这种差异。在牙买加，与居住在粮食安全家庭的儿童相比，居住在粮食不安全家庭的儿童超重的比值显著较低（OR 0.65，95%CI：0.4-0.9）。在牙买加儿童中，没有观察到粮食不安全与超重/肥胖之间的性别差异。
旨在遏制超重/肥胖流行的公共卫生干预措施应考虑到性别差异和其他与发达国家和发展中国家超重/肥胖相关的家庭因素。
