Valenzuela-Guzmán Diana Marcela, Cabrer-Rosales María Fernanda, Montero-Ruiz Elsia María, Reprieto-López Iván Francisco, Romero-Martínez Martin, Serna-Gutiérrez Araceli, Gallegos-Aguilar Ana Cristina, Alemán-Mateo Heliodoro, Díaz-Zavala Rolando Giovanni, Esparza-Romero Julián
Obesity and Diabetes Research Unit, Nutrition Coordination, Research Center in Food and Development (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México.
Evaluation and Surveys Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62100, México.
Arch Public Health. 2025 May 30;83(1):140. doi: 10.1186/s13690-025-01636-x.
The study of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren is crucial for preventing future chronic diseases and improving long-term health, particularly in vulnerable communities. The Yaqui indigenous community is undergoing a transition from a traditional lifestyle to a more modern lifestyle, facing an increased risk of overweight and obesity. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Yaqui schoolchildren (aged 5-11 years) and to identify determinants associated with BMI Z-scores.
A cross-sectional study using probabilistic, multistage, and stratified sampling was conducted. Measurements of weight, height, and waist circumference were taken in schoolchildren. Likewise, the mother's weight and height were recorded. Additionally, questionnaires were administered to assess physical activity, screen time, diet, pediatric clinical history, sociodemographic characteristics, food insecurity, and social support programs.
In total, 509 schoolchildren, representing 2,779 Yaqui schoolchildren, were evaluated. The prevalence of overweight was 20.7%, obesity 14.9%, and abdominal obesity 21.1%. The factors positively associated with BMI Z-scores included higher maternal BMI, greater birth weight, increased screen time, and higher energy intake. In contrast, the food insecurity score was negatively associated with elevated BMI-for-age Z-scores.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Yaqui schoolchildren was higher than that reported in similar populations. The determinants identified in this study should be considered when designing effective intervention strategies to reduce the prevalence and its consequences at early ages in this indigenous group.
对学童超重和肥胖问题的研究对于预防未来的慢性疾病和改善长期健康状况至关重要，在弱势群体中尤为如此。亚基族原住民社区正在从传统生活方式向更现代的生活方式转变，面临超重和肥胖风险增加的问题。本研究旨在评估亚基族学童（5至11岁）中超重和肥胖的患病率，并确定与BMI Z评分相关的决定因素。
采用概率性、多阶段和分层抽样进行横断面研究。对学童进行体重、身高和腰围测量。同样，记录母亲的体重和身高。此外，还发放问卷以评估身体活动、屏幕使用时间、饮食、儿科临床病史、社会人口学特征、粮食不安全状况和社会支持项目。
总共评估了509名学童，代表2779名亚基族学童。超重患病率为20.7%，肥胖患病率为14.9%，腹部肥胖患病率为21.1%。与BMI Z评分呈正相关的因素包括母亲BMI较高、出生体重较大、屏幕使用时间增加和能量摄入较高。相比之下，粮食不安全得分与年龄别BMI Z评分升高呈负相关。
亚基族学童中超重和肥胖的患病率高于类似人群的报告水平。在设计有效的干预策略以降低该原住民群体早期超重和肥胖的患病率及其后果时，应考虑本研究中确定的决定因素。
