Reiner William G
Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Semin Pediatr Surg. 2011 May;20(2):130-4. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2010.12.010.
Developmental psychopathology is common in children with exstrophy. It may be mild or severe, and it may persist or transform as the child grows. The pediatric urologist is ideally situated to identify signs or symptoms of early developmental psychopathology in these children. Presented in this article are techniques for identifying the child requiring full assessment and for establishing referral-consultants. Screening instruments are suggested, as well as how to use these to educate the parents and the child. Methods are provided to identify, as well as to educate, selected consultants in child psychology and psychiatry about the clinical realities of exstrophy.
发育性精神病理学在膀胱外翻患儿中很常见。其可能轻微或严重，且可能随着患儿成长而持续存在或发生变化。小儿泌尿科医生最适合识别这些患儿早期发育性精神病理学的体征或症状。本文介绍了识别需要全面评估的患儿以及确定转诊咨询专家的技巧。文中还推荐了筛查工具，以及如何利用这些工具对家长和患儿进行教育。同时提供了一些方法，用于识别小儿心理学和精神病学领域的特定咨询专家，并让他们了解膀胱外翻的临床实际情况。
