通过臭氧和活性炭从好氧处理的灰水中去除微量污染物。
Removal of micropollutants from aerobically treated grey water via ozone and activated carbon.
机构信息
Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Water Res. 2011 Apr;45(9):2887-96. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.009. Epub 2011 Mar 15.
Ozonation and adsorption onto activated carbon were tested for the removal micropollutants of personal care products from aerobically treated grey water. MilliQ water spiked with micropollutants (100-1600 μgL(-1)) was ozonated at a dosing rate of 1.22. In 45 min, this effectively removed (>99%): Four parabens, bisphenol-A, hexylcinnamic aldehyde, 4-methylbenzylidene-camphor (4MBC), benzophenone-3 (BP3), triclosan, galaxolide and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate. After 60 min, the removal efficiency of benzalkonium chloride was 98%, tonalide and nonylphenol 95%, octocrylene 92% and 2-phenyl-5-benzimidazolesulfonic acid (PBSA) 84%. Ozonation of aerobically treated grey water at an applied ozone dose of 15 mgL(-1), reduced the concentrations of octocrylene, nonylphenol, triclosan, galaxolide, tonalide and 4-methylbenzylidene-camphor to below limits of quantification, with removal efficiencies of at least 79%. Complete adsorption of all studied micropollutants onto powdered activated carbon (PAC) was observed in batch tests with milliQ water spiked with 100-1600 μgL(-1) at a PAC dose of 1.25 gL(-1) and a contact time of 5 min. Three granular activated carbon (GAC) column experiments were operated to treat aerobically treated grey water. The operation of a GAC column with aerobically treated grey water spiked with micropollutants in the range of 0.1-10 μgL(-1) at a flow of 0.5 bed volumes (BV)h(-1) showed micropollutant removal efficiencies higher than 72%. During the operation time of 1728 BV, no breakthrough of TOC or micropollutants was observed. Removal of micropollutants from aerobically treated grey water was tested in a GAC column at a flow of 2 BVh(-1). Bisphenol-A, triclosan, tonalide, BP3, galaxolide, nonylphenol and PBSA were effectively removed even after a stable TOC breakthrough of 65% had been reached. After spiking the aerobically treated effluent with micropollutants to concentrations of 10-100 μgL(-1), efficient removal to below limits of quantification continued for at least 1440 BV. Both ozonation and adsorption are suitable techniques for the removal of micropollutants from aerobically treated grey water.
臭氧氧化和活性炭吸附被测试用于去除好氧处理灰水中的个人护理产品的微量污染物。将 MilliQ 水用微量污染物（100-1600 μgL(-1)) 进行水培，然后以 1.22 的剂量率进行臭氧处理。在 45 分钟内，这有效地去除了（>99%）：四种对羟基苯甲酸酯、双酚 A、己基肉桂醛、4-甲基苄叉基樟脑（4MBC)、苯并三唑-3 (BP3)、三氯生、麝香二甲苯磺酸盐和乙基己基甲氧基肉桂酸酯。60 分钟后，苄基氯化铵的去除效率为 98%，对壬基酚为 95%，奥克立林为 92%，2-苯并咪唑-5-磺酸（PBSA）为 84%。在应用臭氧剂量为 15 mgL(-1)的情况下对好氧处理的灰水进行臭氧氧化，将奥克立林、对壬基酚、三氯生、麝香二甲苯磺酸盐、对壬基酚和 4-甲基苄叉基樟脑的浓度降低到低于定量限，去除效率至少为 79%。在 1.25 gL(-1)的 PAC 剂量和 5 分钟的接触时间下，用 MilliQ 水对 100-1600 μgL(-1)的微量污染物进行批量测试，观察到所有研究的微量污染物完全吸附到粉末活性炭 (PAC) 上。进行了三个颗粒活性炭 (GAC) 柱实验来处理好氧处理的灰水。用好氧处理的灰水以 0.5 床体积（BV）h(-1)的流速（在 0.1-10 μgL(-1)范围内）对微量污染物进行水培，运行 GAC 柱，显示出高于 72%的微量污染物去除效率。在 1728 BV 的运行时间内，没有观察到 TOC 或微量污染物的穿透。在 2 BVh(-1)的流速下，在 GAC 柱中测试了从好氧处理的灰水中去除微量污染物。即使在 TOC 稳定穿透达到 65%之后，双酚 A、三氯生、对壬基酚、BP3、麝香二甲苯磺酸盐、对壬基酚和 PBSA 也被有效地去除。在将好氧处理的废水用微量污染物以 10-100 μgL(-1)的浓度进行水培后，继续进行至少 1440 BV 的有效去除，直至低于定量限。臭氧氧化和吸附都是去除好氧处理灰水中微量污染物的合适技术。
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