Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 106 Plant Biology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312, USA.
Trends Microbiol. 2011 Jun;19(6):278-85. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2011.03.001. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
Similar to other bacteria, cyanobacteria exist in a wide-ranging diversity of shapes and sizes. However, three general shapes are observed most frequently: spherical, rod and spiral. Bacteria can also grow as filaments of cells. Some filamentous cyanobacteria have differentiated cell types that exhibit distinct morphologies: motile hormogonia, nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, and spore-like akinetes. Cyanobacterial cell shapes, which are largely controlled by the cell wall, can be regulated by developmental and/or environmental cues, although the mechanisms of regulation and the selective advantage(s) of regulating cellular shape are still being elucidated. In this review, recent insights into developmental and environmental regulation of cell shape in cyanobacteria and the relationship(s) of cell shape and differentiation to organismal fitness are discussed.
类似于其他细菌，蓝细菌存在于广泛多样的形状和大小中。然而，最常观察到三种一般形状：球形、棒状和螺旋形。细菌也可以生长为细胞丝。一些丝状蓝细菌具有分化的细胞类型，表现出不同的形态：游动的厚壁孢子、固氮异形胞和类似孢子的静息孢子。蓝细菌的细胞形状主要由细胞壁控制，但可以通过发育和/或环境线索进行调节，尽管调节细胞形状的机制和调节细胞形状的选择性优势仍在阐明中。在这篇综述中，讨论了蓝细菌细胞形状的发育和环境调节的最新见解，以及细胞形状和分化与生物体适应性的关系。
