Erkut Sumru, Szalacha Laura A, García Coll Cynthia, Alarcón Odette
Center for Research on Women, Wellesley College.
J Res Adolesc. 2000 Jul 1;10(3):339-364. doi: 10.1207/SJRA1003_6.
This study examines self-esteem as a multidimensional construct in 1 Latino subgroup, Puerto Rican girls and boys during early adolescence, using Harter's (1985b) Self-Perception Profile for Children. The results show that in its English and Spanish versions-the latter developed by the present research team-the Self-Perception Profile for Children has adequate reliability for use with 13- to 14-year-old Puerto Rican youth living on the mainland. Results obtained in this study of Puerto Rican early adolescents, which contrasts with the results from the combined data of "Hispanics" in the American Association of University Women (1991) survey of 3,000 youth, strongly suggests that Latino subgroups need to be studied separately. The mean levels of self-esteem found among Puerto Rican girls and boys were generally similar to those found among Harter's sample of predominantly Anglo middle school students from the suburbs of Denver except that Puerto Rican youth did not show gender differences in overall self-esteem. Gender differences in mean levels of self-esteem in different domains were similar to those of Anglo youth, regardless of the Puerto Rican youth's individual level of psychological or behavioral acculturation. When differences by acculturation emerged, psychological acculturation appeared to play a more protective role for girls (Hispanic- or Latino-oriented girls reported being better behaved and having greater confidence in their scholastic abilities) and behavioral acculturation operated as a risk factor for boys (boys with preference for English reported low Behavioral Conduct and Scholastic Competence scores). On the other hand, greater acculturation (both psychological and behavioral) was associated with girls' lower confidence in their physical attractiveness. Finally, the structure of self-esteem varied by gender, and psychological and behavioral acculturation.
本研究使用哈特（1985b）的《儿童自我认知量表》，将自尊视为一个多维结构，对处于青春期早期的一个拉丁裔亚群体——波多黎各女孩和男孩进行了研究。结果表明，《儿童自我认知量表》的英文和西班牙文版本（后者由本研究团队编制）对于居住在美国大陆的13至14岁波多黎各青少年具有足够的可靠性。本研究对波多黎各青少年早期的研究结果与美国大学妇女协会（1991）对3000名青少年的调查中“西班牙裔”综合数据的结果形成对比，强烈表明拉丁裔亚群体需要分别进行研究。在波多黎各女孩和男孩中发现的自尊平均水平总体上与哈特样本中来自丹佛郊区的以盎格鲁人为主的中学生相似，只是波多黎各青少年在总体自尊方面没有表现出性别差异。不同领域自尊平均水平的性别差异与盎格鲁青少年相似，无论波多黎各青少年的个人心理或行为文化适应水平如何。当出现文化适应差异时，心理文化适应似乎对女孩起到了更具保护作用（以西班牙裔或拉丁裔为导向的女孩报告说行为更好，对自己的学业能力更有信心），而行为文化适应对男孩则是一个风险因素（偏好英语的男孩报告行为举止和学业能力得分较低）。另一方面，更大程度的文化适应（包括心理和行为方面）与女孩对自己身体吸引力的信心降低有关。最后，自尊结构因性别、心理和行为文化适应而有所不同。
