Mathias C G
Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990 Oct;23(4 Pt 1):742-8. doi: 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70284-o.
Contact dermatitis is the most frequent type of occupational skin disease. Although prevention of contact dermatitis in the workplace should ideally be accomplished through total elimination of cutaneous exposure to hazardous substances, this is often not feasible. Therefore eight basic elements of a multidimensional approach to prevention have been identified. These elements include recognition of potential cutaneous irritants and allergens, engineering controls or chemical substitution to prevent skin exposure, personal protection with appropriate clothing or barrier creams, personal and environmental hygiene, regulation of potential allergens and irritants within the workplace, educational efforts to promote awareness of potential allergens and irritants, motivational techniques to promote safe work conditions and practices, and preemployment and periodic health screening. A comprehensive prevention program based on this multidimensional approach requires the cooperative efforts of employees, employers, engineers, chemists, industrial hygienists, safety and supervisory personnel, union representatives, governmental agencies, and occupational health practitioners.
接触性皮炎是最常见的职业性皮肤病类型。虽然理想情况下，应通过完全消除皮肤接触有害物质来预防工作场所的接触性皮炎，但这往往不可行。因此，已确定了预防的多维度方法的八个基本要素。这些要素包括识别潜在的皮肤刺激物和过敏原、通过工程控制或化学替代来防止皮肤接触、使用适当的衣物或防护霜进行个人防护、个人和环境卫生、对工作场所内潜在过敏原和刺激物的管理、提高对潜在过敏原和刺激物认识的教育工作、促进安全工作条件和做法的激励技术，以及就业前和定期健康筛查。基于这种多维度方法的全面预防计划需要员工、雇主、工程师、化学家、工业卫生学家、安全和监督人员、工会代表、政府机构以及职业健康从业者的共同努力。
