Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2012 Jan;13(1):200-9. doi: 10.2174/138920112798868773.
Consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with a decreased risk of several cancers, particularly colorectal cancer, possibly linked to their phytochemical content, which is of interest due to several proposed health benefits, including potential anticancer activity. Epidemiological data suggests that cancers of the digestive tract are most susceptible to dietary modification, possibly due to being in direct contact with bioactive food constituents and therefore investigating the effects of these bioactive compounds on the prevalent colorectal cancer is feasible. Berries are a common element of Western diets, with members of the Rubus, Fragria, Sorbus, Ribes and Vaccinum genus featuring in desserts, preserves, yoghurts and juices. These soft fruit are rich in bioactive phytochemicals including several classes of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols and flavanols) and phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids). Whilst there is little data linking berry consumption to reduced risk of colorectal cancer, in vitro evidence from models representing colorectal cancer suggests that berry polyphenols may modulate cellular processes essential for cancer cell survival, such as proliferation and apoptosis. The exact mechanisms and berry constituents responsible for these potential anticancer activities remain unknown, but use of in vitro models provides a means to elucidate these matters.
食用水果和蔬菜与降低多种癌症（尤其是结直肠癌）的风险有关，这可能与其植物化学成分有关，这些化学成分具有多种潜在的健康益处，包括潜在的抗癌活性，因此引起了人们的关注。流行病学数据表明，消化道癌症最容易受到饮食改变的影响，这可能是因为它们直接与具有生物活性的食物成分接触，因此研究这些生物活性化合物对常见结直肠癌的影响是可行的。浆果是西方饮食中的常见元素，悬钩子属、草莓属、花楸属、黑穗醋栗属和越橘属的成员出现在甜点、果酱、酸奶和果汁中。这些软水果富含生物活性植物化学成分，包括几类酚类化合物，如类黄酮（花青素、黄酮醇和黄烷醇）和酚酸（羟基苯甲酸和羟基肉桂酸）。虽然关于浆果消费与降低结直肠癌风险之间的关联数据很少，但来自代表结直肠癌的模型的体外证据表明，浆果多酚可能调节对癌细胞存活至关重要的细胞过程，如增殖和凋亡。这些潜在抗癌活性的确切机制和浆果成分仍不清楚，但使用体外模型提供了阐明这些问题的方法。
