Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2011 Apr;11(4):565-77. doi: 10.1586/ern.11.7.
In this article, we advocate the need for better understanding and treatment of children exhibiting inattentive, hyperactive, impulsive behaviors, by in-depth questioning on sleepiness, sleep-disordered breathing or problematic behaviors at bedtime, during the night and upon awakening, as well as night-to-night sleep duration variability. The relationships between sleep and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are complex and are routinely overlooked by practitioners. Motricity and somnolence, the most consistent complaints and objectively measured sleep problems in children with ADHD, may develop as a consequence of multidirectional and multifactorial pathways. Therefore, subjectively perceived or reported restless sleep should be evaluated with specific attention to restless legs syndrome or periodic limb movement disorder, and awakenings should be queried with regard to parasomnias, dyssomnias and sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep hygiene logs detailing sleep onset and offset quantitatively, as well as qualitatively, are required. More studies in children with ADHD are needed to reveal the 24-h phenotype, or its sleep comorbidities.
在本文中，我们主张需要更深入地询问儿童在白天、夜间和醒来时的困倦、睡眠呼吸障碍或睡前行为问题，以及夜间睡眠时间的变化，以更好地理解和治疗表现出注意力不集中、多动、冲动行为的儿童。睡眠与注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）之间的关系很复杂，而这往往被临床医生所忽视。运动障碍和嗜睡是 ADHD 儿童最常见的主诉和客观测量的睡眠问题，可能是由于多向和多因素途径发展而来。因此，应特别注意不宁腿综合征或周期性肢体运动障碍，评估主观感知或报告的不安睡眠，并且应询问关于睡眠障碍呼吸、睡眠相关呼吸暂停和睡眠行为障碍的觉醒情况。需要详细记录睡眠时间和质量的睡眠卫生日志。需要对 ADHD 儿童进行更多的研究，以揭示其 24 小时表型或其睡眠合并症。
