MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Apr 8;60(13):414-20.
In 2009, approximately 410,000 teens aged 15-19 years gave birth in the United States, and the teen birth rate remains higher than in other developed countries.
To describe U.S. trends in teen births and related factors, CDC used data on 1) teen birth rates during 1991-2009 from the National Vital Statistics System, 2) sexual intercourse and contraceptive use among high school students during 1991-2009 from the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and 3) sex education, parent communication, use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), and receipt of reproductive health services among teens aged 15-19 years from the 2006-2008 National Survey of Family Growth.
In 2009, the national teen birth rate was 39.1 births per 1,000 females, a 37% decrease from 61.8 births per 1,000 females in 1991 and the lowest rate ever recorded. State-specific teen birth rates varied from 16.4 to 64.2 births per 1,000 females and were highest among southern states. Birth rates for black and Hispanic teens were 59.0 and 70.1 births per 1,000 females, respectively, compared with 25.6 for white teens. From 1991 to 2009, the percentage of high school students who ever had sexual intercourse decreased from 54% to 46%, and the percentage of students who had sexual intercourse in the past 3 months but did not use any method of contraception at last sexual intercourse decreased from 16% to 12%. From 1999 to 2009, the percentage of students who had sexual intercourse in the past 3 months and used dual methods at last sexual intercourse (condoms with either birth control pills or the injectable contraceptive Depo-Provera) increased from 5% to 9%. During 2006-2008, 65% of female teens and 53% of male teens received formal sex education that covered saying no to sex and provided information on methods of birth control. Overall, 44% of female teens and 27% of male teens had spoken with their parents about both topics, but among teens who had ever had sexual intercourse, 20% of females and 31% of males had not spoken with their parents about either topic. Only 2% of females who had sexual intercourse in the past 3 months used LARCs at last sexual intercourse.
Teen birth rates in the United States have declined but remain high, especially among black and Hispanic teens and in southern states. Fewer high school students are having sexual intercourse, and more sexually active students are using some method of contraception. However, many teens who have had sexual intercourse have not spoken with their parents about sex, and use of LARCs remains rare.
Teen childbearing is associated with adverse consequences for mothers and their children and imposes high public sector costs. Prevention of teen pregnancy requires evidence-based sex education, support for parents in talking with their children about pregnancy prevention and other aspects of sexual and reproductive health, and ready access to effective and affordable contraception for teens who are sexually active.
2009 年，美国约有 41 万名 15-19 岁的青少年生育，青少年生育率仍高于其他发达国家。
为了描述美国青少年生育的趋势和相关因素，CDC 使用了以下数据：1）1991-2009 年国家生命统计系统的青少年生育率数据；2）1991-2009 年全国青少年风险行为调查中高中生的性行为和避孕措施使用情况；3）15-19 岁青少年的性教育、父母沟通、长效可逆避孕措施（LARC）的使用情况和生殖健康服务接受情况，来自 2006-2008 年全国家庭增长调查。
2009 年，全国青少年出生率为每千名女性 39.1 例，比 1991 年每千名女性 61.8 例下降 37%，是有记录以来的最低水平。各州的青少年出生率从每千名女性 16.4 例到 64.2 例不等，南部各州的出生率最高。黑人青少年和西班牙裔青少年的出生率分别为每千名女性 59.0 和 70.1 例，而白人青少年的出生率为每千名女性 25.6 例。从 1991 年到 2009 年，有过性行为的高中生比例从 54%下降到 46%，过去 3 个月有过性行为但最后一次性行为没有使用任何避孕方法的学生比例从 16%下降到 12%。从 1999 年到 2009 年，过去 3 个月有过性行为并在最后一次性行为中同时使用两种方法（避孕药与避孕注射剂 Depo-Provera 合用）的学生比例从 5%上升到 9%。在 2006-2008 年，65%的女青少年和 53%的男青少年接受了正式的性教育，包括对性行为说不，并提供了有关避孕方法的信息。总的来说，44%的女青少年和 27%的男青少年与父母讨论过这两个话题，但在有过性行为的青少年中，20%的女性和 31%的男性没有与父母讨论过这两个话题。只有 2%的过去 3 个月有过性行为的女性在最后一次性行为中使用了 LARC。
美国的青少年生育率虽然有所下降，但仍然很高，尤其是在黑人和西班牙裔青少年以及南部各州。有性行为的高中生越来越少，更多的性活跃学生正在使用某种避孕方法。然而，许多有过性行为的青少年没有与父母谈论过性行为，LARC 的使用仍然很少。
青少年生育与母亲及其子女的不良后果有关，并给公共部门带来高昂的成本。预防青少年怀孕需要基于证据的性教育，支持父母与孩子就怀孕预防和其他性健康和生殖健康方面进行沟通，并为有性行为的青少年提供有效和负担得起的避孕措施。
