Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Apr 29;65(16):409-14. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6516a1.
Teen childbearing can have negative health, economic, and social consequences for mothers and their children (1) and costs the United States approximately $9.4 billion annually (2). During 1991-2014, the birth rate among teens aged 15-19 years in the United States declined 61%, from 61.8 to 24.2 births per 1,000, the lowest rate ever recorded (3). Nonetheless, in 2014, the teen birth rate remained approximately twice as high for Hispanic and non-Hispanic black (black) teens compared with non-Hispanic white (white) teens (3), and geographic and socioeconomic disparities remain (3,4), irrespective of race/ethnicity. Social determinants associated with teen childbearing (e.g., low parental educational attainment and limited opportunities for education and employment) are more common in communities with higher proportions of racial and ethnic minorities (4), contributing to the challenge of further reducing disparities in teen births. To examine trends in births for teens aged 15-19 years by race/ethnicity and geography, CDC analyzed National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) data at the national (2006-2014), state (2006-2007 and 2013-2014), and county (2013-2014) levels. To describe socioeconomic indicators previously associated with teen births, CDC analyzed data from the American Community Survey (ACS) (2010-2014). Nationally, from 2006 to 2014, the teen birth rate declined 41% overall with the largest decline occurring among Hispanics (51%), followed by blacks (44%), and whites (35%). The birth rate ratio for Hispanic teens and black teens compared with white teens declined from 2.9 to 2.2 and from 2.3 to 2.0, respectively. From 2006-2007 to 2013-2014, significant declines in teen birth rates and birth rate ratios were noted nationally and in many states. At the county level, teen birth rates for 2013-2014 ranged from 3.1 to 119.0 per 1,000 females aged 15-19 years; ACS data indicated unemployment was higher, and education attainment and family income were lower in counties with higher teen birth rates. State and county data can be used to understand disparities in teen births and implement community-level interventions that address the social and structural conditions associated with high teen birth rates.
少女生育会对母亲及其子女的健康、经济和社会产生负面影响（1），并使美国每年损失约 94 亿美元（2）。1991 年至 2014 年期间，美国 15-19 岁青少年的生育率下降了 61%，从每千名女性 61.8 胎降至 24.2 胎，这是有记录以来的最低水平（3）。尽管如此，2014 年，西班牙裔和非西班牙裔黑人（黑人）青少年的生育率仍比非西班牙裔白人（白人）青少年高约两倍（3），且地理和社会经济差异仍然存在（3,4），不论种族/族裔如何。与少女生育相关的社会决定因素（例如，父母教育程度低，教育和就业机会有限）在少数族裔比例较高的社区更为普遍（4），这加剧了进一步减少少女生育差异的挑战。为了按种族/族裔和地理位置分析少女生育的趋势，疾病预防控制中心分析了国家生命统计系统（NVSS）的数据，这些数据来自全国（2006-2014 年）、州（2006-2007 年和 2013-2014 年）和县（2013-2014 年）各级。为了描述与少女生育相关的社会经济指标，疾病预防控制中心分析了 2010-2014 年美国社区调查（ACS）的数据。从全国范围来看，2006 年至 2014 年，少女生育率总体下降了 41%，其中西班牙裔人口降幅最大（51%），其次是黑人（44%）和白人（35%）。与白人少女相比，西班牙裔少女和黑人少女的出生率比率从 2.9 降至 2.2，从 2.3 降至 2.0。从 2006-2007 年到 2013-2014 年，全国和许多州的少女生育率和出生率比率都显著下降。在县一级，2013-2014 年少女生育率范围为每千名 15-19 岁女性 3.1 至 119.0 胎；ACS 数据表明，出生率较高的县失业率较高，教育程度和家庭收入较低。州和县的数据可用于了解少女生育的差异，并实施针对与高少女生育率相关的社会和结构性条件的社区一级干预措施。
