Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
Toxicol Mech Methods. 2011 Sep;21(7):547-53. doi: 10.3109/15376516.2011.569774. Epub 2011 Apr 8.
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical threat agent for which the effects have no current treatment. Due to the ease of synthesis and dispersal of this material, the need to develop therapeutics is evident. The present article details the techniques used to develop SM laboratory exposure systems for the development of animal models of ocular and dermal injury. These models are critical to enable evaluation of SM injury and therapeutics against that injury. Iterative trials were conducted to optimize dermal and ocular injury models in guinea pigs and rabbits respectively. The goal was a homogeneous and diffuse ocular and dermal injury that compares to the human injury. Dermal exposures were conducted by either a flow-past or static vapor cup system. Ocular exposures were conducted by a static exposure system. Ocular and dermal exposures were conducted with vaporized SM. Vapor concentrations increased with time in the dermal and ocular exposure systems but were stable with varying amounts of applied SM. A dermal deposition estimation study was also conducted. Deposited volumes increased with exposure time.
硫芥（SM）是一种化学威胁剂，目前尚无有效的治疗方法。由于这种物质易于合成和传播，因此需要开发治疗方法。本文详细介绍了用于开发 SM 实验室暴露系统的技术，这些系统用于开发眼部和皮肤损伤的动物模型。这些模型对于评估 SM 损伤和针对该损伤的治疗方法至关重要。分别在豚鼠和兔子中进行了反复试验，以优化皮肤和眼部损伤模型。目标是产生类似于人类损伤的均匀和弥漫性眼部和皮肤损伤。皮肤暴露通过流动式或静态蒸气杯系统进行。眼部暴露通过静态暴露系统进行。通过蒸发 SM 进行眼部和皮肤暴露。蒸气浓度随时间在皮肤和眼部暴露系统中增加，但随应用 SM 的量变化而稳定。还进行了皮肤沉积估计研究。沉积量随暴露时间增加而增加。
