On the use of hollow tube geometries for resonant ultrasound spectroscopy.

Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) can nondestructively obtain the elastic constants of compact specimens, however many materials have hollow cross-sections and frequency analysis of such geometries is required before inclusion in the RUS methodology. Resonant mode shapes of tubes with length equal to diameter and varying ratios of tube inner to outer diameter (Λ) as well as Poisson's ratio (ν) were identified by eigenvalue analysis using a commercial finite element code. Longitudinal and shear RUS experiments were conducted on tubes with Λ varying between 0 and 0.95 and compared to the numerical results. Simulations predict that the fundamental mode transitions from pure torsion to symmetric or antisymmetric ring bending at Λ = 0.3. The frequency of the first torsion mode is invariant to Λ and unequivocal identification of this mode is obscured by overlap of bending harmonics as Λ approaches 0.95. In the context of rapid calculation of isotropic elastic constants, shear moduli were calculated from the first torsional mode and Poisson's ratio was inferred from the Demarest maps of the mode structure's dependence upon Poisson's ratio. An average shear modulus of 27.5 + 1.5 ∕ -0.6 GPa, about 5% larger than literature values for 6061 aluminum, and ν of 0.33 were inferred. Errors are attributed to tube aspect ratios slightly greater than 1 and weak material anisotropy. Existing analytical solutions for ring bending modes derived from shell approximations and for infinitely long tubes under plane strain assumptions do not adequately describe the fundamental modes for short tubes. The shear modulus can be calculated for all Λ using the existing analytical solution.