Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2011 Sep;6(3):273-87. doi: 10.2174/157488811796575323.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic disorder resulting in a functional deficit that usually leads to severe and permanent paralysis. After the initial insult to the spinal cord, additional structure and function are lost through an active and complex secondary process. Since there is not effective treatment for SCI, several strategies including cellular, pharmacological and rehabilitation therapies have been approached in animal models. Some of them have been proved in clinical trials. In this review we focus on the current state of cell therapies, particularly on cells from adult origin, assayed in preclinical research. Cell types used in SCI therapy include Schwann cells, olfactory ensheathing cells and adult stem cells, such as neural stem cells, umbilical cord blood derived cells, mesenchymal stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. There are not yet conclusive evidences on which types of glial or adult stem cells are most effective in SCI treatment. Their ability to incorporate into the damaged spinal cord, to differentiate into neural lineages, to exert neuroprotective effects, to promote regeneration of damaged axons, and to improve functional deficits are still discussed, before translation towards clinical use, as a single therapy or in combination with other strategies.
脊髓损伤（SCI）是一种创伤性疾病，导致功能缺陷，通常导致严重和永久性瘫痪。在脊髓受到初始损伤后，通过主动和复杂的二次过程，会进一步丧失结构和功能。由于对 SCI 没有有效的治疗方法，因此已经在动物模型中尝试了几种策略，包括细胞、药理学和康复治疗。其中一些已在临床试验中得到证实。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍细胞治疗的现状，特别是在临床前研究中检测的来自成人来源的细胞。用于 SCI 治疗的细胞类型包括施万细胞、嗅鞘细胞和成人干细胞，如神经干细胞、脐带血来源的细胞、间充质干细胞或诱导多能干细胞。关于哪种类型的神经胶质或成人干细胞在 SCI 治疗中最有效，尚无定论。在将其转化为临床应用之前，还需要讨论它们整合到受损脊髓中的能力、分化为神经谱系的能力、发挥神经保护作用、促进受损轴突再生以及改善功能缺陷的能力，无论是单独治疗还是与其他策略联合使用。
