Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1876, USA.
Am J Addict. 2011 May-Jun;20(3):212-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00129.x. Epub 2011 Mar 17.
This study investigated the role of parental diagnosis of alcohol abuse/dependence and perceived family norms for adolescent drinking on alcohol use and alcohol-related problems among urban American Indian youth. A total of 251 urban, American Indian youth and their parents/caregivers were followed from ages 13 to 18. Perceived family norms against alcohol decreased and alcohol use increased from ages 13 to 18. Relative to no parental diagnosis, youth with one or two parents diagnosed with alcohol abuse/dependence were less likely to perceive family norms against alcohol use. Youth with two parents diagnosed were more likely to report alcohol-related problems at age 18 compared to no parental diagnosis. Faster rates of decrease in perceived family norms against alcohol use were associated with faster increases in alcohol use over time. Higher rates of perceived family norms against alcohol use protected youth from high rates of use at age 13, but higher rates of alcohol use at age 13 predicted more alcohol-related problems at age 18. These results suggest that both family history and family behaviors in the form of communication of norms for adolescent alcohol use are likely to impact both rates of use and eventual alcohol-related problems.
本研究调查了父母酗酒/依赖症诊断和感知到的家庭规范对美国城市印第安青少年饮酒和与饮酒相关问题的影响。共有 251 名城市美国印第安青少年及其父母/照顾者从 13 岁到 18 岁被跟踪调查。从 13 岁到 18 岁，青少年感知到的家庭反酒规范逐渐减少，饮酒量逐渐增加。与父母无酗酒/依赖症诊断相比，父母一方或双方被诊断为酗酒/依赖症的青少年更不容易感知到家庭对饮酒的反对规范。与父母无酗酒/依赖症诊断相比，父母双方都被诊断为酗酒/依赖症的青少年在 18 岁时更有可能报告与饮酒相关的问题。感知到的家庭反酒规范下降速度越快，随着时间的推移，饮酒量增加的速度就越快。感知到的家庭反酒规范越高，青少年在 13 岁时的高饮酒率就越低，但在 13 岁时的高饮酒率预示着在 18 岁时更多的与饮酒相关的问题。这些结果表明，家庭病史和家庭行为形式（即青少年饮酒规范的沟通）都可能影响青少年的饮酒率和最终的与饮酒相关的问题。
