Rocha Crispino Santos M A, Pinto M L, Couto Sant'Anna C, Bernhoeft M
Departament of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Rev Port Pneumol. 2011 Mar-Apr;17(2):66-70. doi: 10.1016/s2173-5115(11)70016-1.
Maximal inspiratory pressures (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressures (MEP) are useful indices of respiratory muscle strength in athletes. The aims of this study were: to describe the strength of the respiratory muscles of Olympic junior swim team, at baseline and after a standard physical training; and to determine if there is a differential inspiratory and expiratory pressure response to the physical training. A cross-sectional study evaluated 28 international-level swimmers with ages ranging from 15 to 17 years, 19 (61 %) being males. At baseline, MIP was found to be lower in females (P = .001). The mean values reached by males and females were: MIP(cmH2O) = M: 100.4 (± 26.5)/F: 67.8 (± 23.2); MEP (cmH2O) = M: 87.4 (± 20.7)/F: 73.9 (± 17.3). After the physical training they reached: MIP (cmH2O) = M: 95.3 (± 30.3)/F: 71.8 (± 35.6); MEP (cmH2O) = M: 82.8 (± 26.2)/F: 70.4 (± 8.3). No differential pressure responses were observed in either males or females. These results suggest that swimmers can sustain the magnitude of the initial maximal pressures. Other studies should be developed to clarify if MIP and MEP could be used as a marker of an athlete's performance.
最大吸气压力（MIP）和最大呼气压力（MEP）是评估运动员呼吸肌力量的有用指标。本研究的目的是：描述奥运青年游泳队队员在基线水平以及经过标准体能训练后的呼吸肌力量；并确定体能训练对吸气和呼气压力的反应是否存在差异。一项横断面研究评估了28名年龄在15至17岁之间的国际水平游泳运动员，其中19名（61%）为男性。在基线水平时，发现女性的MIP较低（P = 0.001）。男性和女性达到的平均值分别为：MIP（cmH₂O）=男性：100.4（±26.5）/女性：67.8（±23.2）；MEP（cmH₂O）=男性：87.4（±20.7）/女性：73.9（±17.3）。体能训练后，他们达到的数值为：MIP（cmH₂O）=男性：95.3（±30.3）/女性：71.8（±35.6）；MEP（cmH₂O）=男性：82.8（±26.2）/女性：70.4（±8.3）。在男性和女性中均未观察到压力反应的差异。这些结果表明，游泳运动员能够维持初始最大压力的大小。还应开展其他研究以阐明MIP和MEP是否可作为运动员表现的标志物。
