Department of Anaesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Curr Opin Crit Care. 2011 Jun;17(3):260-7. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e3283463c9c.
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an attractive method of monitoring patients during mechanical ventilation because it can provide a noninvasive continuous image of pulmonary impedance, which indicates the distribution of ventilation. This article will discuss ongoing research on EIT, with a focus on methodological aspects and limitations and novel approaches in terms of pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapeutic advancements.
EIT enables the detection of regional distribution of alveolar ventilation and, thus, the quantification of local inhomogeneities in lung mechanics. By detecting recruitment and derecruitment, a positive end-expiratory pressure level at which tidal ventilation is relatively homogeneous in all lung regions can be defined. Additionally, different approaches to characterize the temporal local behaviour of lung tissue during ventilation have been proposed, which adds important information.
There is growing evidence that supports EIT usage as a bedside measure to individually optimize ventilator settings in critically ill patients in order to prevent ventilator-induced lung injury. A standardization of current approaches to analyse and interpret EIT data is required in order to facilitate the clinical implementation.
电阻抗断层成像（EIT）是一种有吸引力的监测机械通气患者的方法，因为它可以提供肺部阻抗的无创连续图像，这表明通气的分布。本文将讨论 EIT 的研究现状，重点是方法学方面以及生理学、诊断和治疗进展方面的新方法和局限性。
EIT 能够检测肺泡通气的区域性分布，从而量化肺力学的局部不均匀性。通过检测募集和去募集，可以定义潮气量通气在所有肺区都相对均匀的正呼气末压水平。此外，还提出了不同的方法来描述通气期间肺组织的时间局部行为，这增加了重要的信息。
越来越多的证据支持 EIT 作为床边测量方法，用于优化危重症患者的呼吸机设置，以预防呼吸机引起的肺损伤。需要对目前的 EIT 数据分析和解释方法进行标准化，以促进其临床应用。
