Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
PLoS One. 2011 Mar 29;6(3):e18095. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018095.
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) may cause sexually transmitted disease. High-risk types of HPV are involved in the development of cervical cell dysplasia, whereas low-risk types may cause genital condyloma. Despite the association between HPV and cancer, donor sperm need not be tested for HPV according to European regulations. Consequently, the potential health risk of HPV transmission by donor bank sperm has not been elucidated, nor is it known how HPV is associated with sperm. The presence of 35 types of HPV was examined on DNA from semen samples of 188 Danish sperm donors using a sensitive HPV array. To examine whether HPV was associated with the sperm, in situ hybridization were performed with HPV-6, HPV-16 and -18, and HPV-31-specific probes. The prevalence of HPV-positive sperm donors was 16.0% and in 66.7% of these individuals high-risk types of HPV were detected. In 5.3% of sperm donors, two or more HPV types were detected. Among all identified HPV types, 61.9% were high-risk types. In situ hybridization experiments identified HPV genomes particularly protruding from the equatorial segment and the tail of the sperm. Semen samples from more than one in seven healthy Danish donors contain HPV, most of them of high-risk types binding to the equatorial segment of the sperm cell. Most HPV-positive sperm showed decreased staining with DAPI, indicative of reduced content of DNA. Our data demonstrate that oncogenic HPV types are frequent in men.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）可能导致性传播疾病。高危型 HPV 与宫颈细胞发育不良的发生有关，而低危型 HPV 可能导致生殖器尖锐湿疣。尽管 HPV 与癌症有关，但根据欧洲法规，供精者的精子无需进行 HPV 检测。因此，供精银行精子传播 HPV 的潜在健康风险尚未阐明，也不知道 HPV 与精子有何关联。使用敏感的 HPV 微阵列，对 188 名丹麦供精者的精液样本中的 DNA 进行了 35 种 HPV 的检测。为了研究 HPV 是否与精子有关，使用 HPV-6、HPV-16 和 -18 以及 HPV-31 特异性探针进行了原位杂交。HPV 阳性供精者的患病率为 16.0%，其中 66.7%的个体检测到高危型 HPV。在 5.3%的供精者中，检测到两种或更多种 HPV 类型。在所有鉴定的 HPV 类型中，61.9%为高危型。原位杂交实验鉴定出 HPV 基因组特别突出于精子的赤道段和尾部。来自超过七分之一的健康丹麦供精者的精液样本中含有 HPV，其中大多数为高危型，与精子细胞的赤道段结合。大多数 HPV 阳性的精子显示 DAPI 染色减少，表明 DNA 含量减少。我们的数据表明，致癌 HPV 类型在男性中很常见。
