Dental Clinic 2, Department of Prosthodontics, University Clinic Erlangen, Germany.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011 Mar-Apr;26(2):257-64.
To quantify implant displacement upon axial and oblique force application and compare the effects of bone quality using an in vitro experimental setup.
One hundred ninety-two implants were inserted into artificial bone block specimens using a drill guide. Ninety-six implants were placed in soft cancellous bone and loaded in 10-N increments up to 80 N in axial and oblique (30-degree angle) directions (n = 48 in each group). The other 96 implants were inserted in dense artificial bone and loaded in axial and oblique directions in the same force increments. Three-dimensional displacement data were recorded for all implants using a noncontact optical image correlation technique based on photogrammetric principles, and the absolute displacement vector was calculated.
There were significant differences in the absolute implant displacement in the different bone densities over all load increments. Implant displacement was significantly higher in soft cancellous bone than in dense bone. Axial and oblique loading revealed significant differences in implant displacement in the cancellous specimens, whereas oblique loading showed increased displacement (339 ± 47 Μm at 80 N) compared to axial loading (266 ± 39 Μm at 80 N). However, axial and oblique loading showed no significant differences over all load increments when implants were inserted in dense specimens (absolute displacement with an 80-N load: 147 ± 10 Μm axial and 126 ± 17 Μm oblique).
Bone density influenced implant displacement. The loading character (axial versus oblique) significantly influenced implant displacement in soft cancellous bone block specimens only. However, the limitation of the measured displacement values to an in vitro application that did not represent the complexity of vital bone has to be considered.
定量研究轴向和斜向受力时种植体的位移，并使用体外实验装置比较骨质量的影响。
将 192 个种植体使用钻头导向器插入人造骨块标本中。96 个种植体被放置在松质骨中，以 10-N 的增量加载，直到 80N 的轴向和斜向（每组 48 个）。另外 96 个种植体被插入致密人工骨中，以相同的力增量加载轴向和斜向。使用基于摄影测量原理的非接触式光学图像相关技术记录所有种植体的三维位移数据，并计算绝对位移矢量。
在所有的加载增量中，不同骨密度的种植体的绝对位移存在显著差异。在松质骨中的种植体位移明显高于致密骨中的种植体位移。轴向和斜向加载在松质标本中显示出种植体位移的显著差异，而斜向加载显示出比轴向加载更高的位移（80N 时为 339 ± 47 Μm）。然而，当种植体插入致密标本时，轴向和斜向加载在所有的加载增量中没有显示出显著差异（80N 时的绝对位移：轴向为 147 ± 10 Μm，斜向为 126 ± 17 Μm）。
骨密度影响种植体的位移。只有在松质骨块标本中，加载特性（轴向与斜向）才显著影响种植体的位移。然而，必须考虑到所测量的位移值仅限于体外应用，而不能代表活体骨的复杂性。
