Fetterman J G, Killeen P R
Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis 46205-2810.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1990 Nov;16(4):766-80. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.16.4.766.
Why does counting improve the accuracy of temporal judgments? Killeen and Weiss (1987) provided a formal answer to this question, and this article provides tests of their analysis. In Experiments 1 and 2, subjects responded on a telegraph key as they reproduced different intervals. Individual response rates remained constant for different target times, as predicted. The variance of reproductions was recovered from the weighted sum of the first and second moments of the component timing and counting processes. Variance in timing long intervals was mainly due to counting error, as predicted. In Experiments 3-5, unconstrained response rate was measured and subjects responded at (a) their unconstrained rate, (b) faster, or (c) slower. When subjects responded at the preferred rate, the accuracy of time judgment improved. Deviations in rates tended to increase the variability of temporal estimates. Implications for pacemaker-counter models of timing are discussed.
为什么计数能提高时间判断的准确性？基林和韦斯（1987年）对这个问题给出了一个正式答案，本文对他们的分析进行了检验。在实验1和实验2中，受试者在重现不同间隔时通过电报键做出反应。正如预测的那样，不同目标时间下个体的反应率保持恒定。重现的方差是从组成计时和计数过程的一阶矩和二阶矩的加权和中恢复的。正如预测的那样，长时间间隔计时的方差主要是由于计数误差。在实验3至5中，测量了无约束反应率，受试者以（a）他们的无约束速率、（b）更快的速率或（c）更慢的速率做出反应。当受试者以偏好的速率做出反应时，时间判断的准确性提高了。速率偏差往往会增加时间估计的变异性。文中讨论了对计时起搏器-计数器模型的启示。
