Recent advances in optic neuritis related to multiple sclerosis.

More advanced methods of detecting and quantifying optic neuritis (ON) in multiple sclerosis have been developed in the past 15 years. This review focuses on developments in optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurement of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and its role in monitoring axonal loss in the course of the disease. New clinical trial methods of measuring visual acuity (VA) include high-contrast VA testing with Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts, low-contrast letter acuity and contrast sensitivity testing. Multi-focal visual evoked potentials have been used to detect early, subtle visual impairment in ON and early recovery of visual function. New technical developments in OCT may help advance our knowledge in studying the relationship between optic nerve/retinal atrophy and brain atrophy in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and primary progressive multiple sclerosis. The treatment of CIS patients is still debatable.