Zhao Sherry, Zhang Pengfei, Crusius John, Kroeger Kevin D, Bratton John F
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, City College of New York, 138th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA.
J Environ Monit. 2011 May;13(5):1337-43. doi: 10.1039/c1em10039d. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
In developed, non-agricultural, unsewered areas, septic systems and fertilizer application to lawns and gardens represent two major sources of nitrogen to coastal groundwater, in addition to atmospheric input. This study was designed to distinguish between these two possible nitrogen sources by analyzing groundwater samples for pharmaceutical residuals, because fertilizers do not contain any of these pharmaceuticals, but domestic wastewater commonly does. In addition, several herbicides and insecticides used in lawn treatment were analyzed as indicators of nitrogen delivery to groundwater from fertilizers. Groundwater samples were taken through piezometres at shoreline sites in unsewered areas surrounding Northport Harbor and in sewered areas adjacent to Manhasset Bay (hereafter referred to as "Northport" and "Manhasset", respectively), both in northwestern Long Island, USA. Excessive nitrogen loading has led to reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations in Long Island Sound, and the groundwater contribution to the nitrogen budget is poorly constrained. The frequent detection of the anticonvulsant compound carbamazepine in groundwater samples of the Northport Harbor area (unsewered), together with the fact that few pesticides associated with lawn applications were detected, suggests that wastewater input and atmospheric input are the likely sources of nitrogen in the Northport groundwater. High concentrations of nitrogen were also detected in the Manhasset (sewered) groundwater. The low detection frequency and concentration of carbamazepine, however, suggest that the sewer system effectively intercepts nitrogen from wastewater there. The likely sources of nitrogen in the Manhasset groundwater are atmospheric deposition and lawn fertilizers, as this area is densely populated.
在发达的非农业、无下水道区域，除大气输入外，化粪池系统以及向草坪和花园施肥是沿海地下水氮的两个主要来源。本研究旨在通过分析地下水样本中的药物残留来区分这两种可能的氮源，因为化肥中不含有任何这些药物，但生活污水中通常含有。此外，还分析了草坪处理中使用的几种除草剂和杀虫剂，作为化肥向地下水输送氮的指标。在美国长岛西北部，通过位于北港港周围无下水道区域的海岸线站点以及曼哈塞特湾附近有下水道区域（以下分别称为“北港”和“曼哈塞特”）的测压管采集地下水样本。过量的氮负荷导致长岛海峡溶解氧浓度降低，而地下水对氮收支的贡献尚不清楚。在北港港区域（无下水道）的地下水样本中频繁检测到抗惊厥化合物卡马西平，同时几乎未检测到与草坪施用相关的农药，这表明废水输入和大气输入可能是北港地下水氮的来源。在曼哈塞特（有下水道）的地下水中也检测到高浓度的氮。然而，卡马西平的低检测频率和浓度表明，下水道系统有效地拦截了那里废水中的氮。由于该地区人口密集，曼哈塞特地下水中氮的可能来源是大气沉降和草坪肥料。
