University Paris Sud-XI, Orsay, France.
Br J Health Psychol. 2011 May;16(Pt 2):404-17. doi: 10.1348/135910710X518324. Epub 2011 Mar 10.
The identification of the determinants of physical activity (PA) among older adults is an important avenue of research. To date, although the health action process approach (HAPA) has proven to be a valid framework for the prediction of PA among heterogeneous sample of both middle-aged and older adults in rehabilitation and work settings, no studies have specifically considered its predictive value among older adults in their retirement years. Therefore, drawing upon the HAPA, the present study aimed to identify the social cognitive determinants of PA involvement among retired older adults.
A 6-month prospective design was employed.
Participants were retired older individuals (N= 120), members of a French university-based organization, aged from 53 to 83 years (Mean = 65.38 years; SD= 5.63). They were administrated measures of risk perception, action self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and PA intention at baseline (T1) and of planning, coping self-efficacy, and PA behaviour 6 months later (T2).
Path analyses revealed that, in the motivational phase, action self-efficacy and risk perception, but not outcome expectancies, were positively related to PA intention. In the volitional phase, PA intention and coping self-efficacy, but not planning, were positive predictors of PA behaviour.
The present study contributes to existing knowledge as the first to apply the HAPA for the prediction of PA among retired older adults. It confirms that it provides a useful framework for the understanding of the social cognitive processes underlying this behaviour for this age group.
确定老年人身体活动（PA）的决定因素是一个重要的研究途径。迄今为止，尽管健康行动过程方法（HAPA）已被证明是预测康复和工作环境中异质中老年人群体 PA 的有效框架，但尚无研究专门考虑其在退休老年人中的预测价值。因此，本研究以 HAPA 为基础，旨在确定退休老年人参与 PA 的社会认知决定因素。
采用 6 个月的前瞻性设计。
参与者为来自法国大学组织的退休老年人（N=120），年龄从 53 岁到 83 岁（平均=65.38 岁；标准差=5.63）。他们在基线（T1）时接受了风险感知、行动自我效能、结果期望和 PA 意向的测量，6 个月后（T2）接受了计划、应对自我效能和 PA 行为的测量。
路径分析显示，在动机阶段，行动自我效能和风险感知与 PA 意向呈正相关，而结果期望则不然。在意志阶段，PA 意向和应对自我效能是 PA 行为的积极预测因素，而计划则不然。
本研究为现有知识做出了贡献，因为它首次将 HAPA 应用于预测退休老年人的 PA。它证实了它为理解这一年龄组的这种行为背后的社会认知过程提供了一个有用的框架。
