Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd., Shanghai 200433, PR China.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Jun 15;190(1-3):529-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.03.072. Epub 2011 Mar 29.
The characteristics and sources of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM(2.5) in 2006-2007 as well as their impact on the formation of heavy haze in Shanghai were investigated. Daily average concentrations of OC and EC ranged from 1.8 to 20.1 μg m(-3) and 0.5-7.8 μg m(-3) with averages of 7.2 and 2.8 μg m(-3), respectively. The carbonaceous aerosol (OC plus EC) contributed to ∼ 27.2% of the total mass of PM(2.5) on annual average. Obvious seasonal variation was observed in both OC and EC. The percentage of secondary organic carbon (SOC) contributed to OC was in a range of 2.4-66.8%, with an average of 40.1%. Three types of haze were classified based on their chemical composition. OC, EC, SO(2)/NO(2) (in turn, SO(4)(2-)/NO(3)(-)) were responsible for the formation of the three types of haze, respectively. The carbonaceous aerosol was one of the key factors in the formation of haze. Local emissions were the dominant sources of OC and EC in warm seasons, and long-range transport had a significant contribution to OC and EC in PM(2.5) in spring and winter in Shanghai.
研究了 2006-2007 年上海 PM2.5 中有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）的特征和来源及其对重霾形成的影响。OC 和 EC 的日平均浓度范围分别为 1.8-20.1μg/m3 和 0.5-7.8μg/m3，平均值分别为 7.2μg/m3 和 2.8μg/m3。碳质气溶胶（OC 加 EC）对 PM2.5 总质量的贡献率约为 27.2%。OC 和 EC 均存在明显的季节性变化。SOC 对 OC 的贡献率在 2.4%-66.8%之间，平均值为 40.1%。根据化学成分将霾分为三种类型。OC、EC、SO2/NO2（依次为 SO4(2-)/NO3(-)）分别是三种霾的形成原因。碳质气溶胶是霾形成的关键因素之一。在暖季，本地排放是 OC 和 EC 的主要来源，而长距离传输对上海春季和冬季 PM2.5 中 OC 和 EC 有显著贡献。
