Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jul;22(7):275-85. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2011.03.001. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
Largely as a result of rising obesity rates, the incidence of type 2 diabetes is escalating rapidly. Type 2 diabetes results from multi-organ dysfunctional glucose metabolism. Recent publications have highlighted hypothalamic insulin- and adipokine-sensing as a major determinant of peripheral glucose and insulin responsiveness. The preponderance of evidence indicates that the brain is the master regulator of glucose homeostasis, and that hypothalamic insulin and leptin signaling in particular play a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance. This review discusses the neuronal crosstalk between the hypothalamus, autonomic nervous system, and tissues associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, and how hypothalamic insulin and leptin signaling are integral to maintaining normal glucose homeostasis.
主要由于肥胖率的上升，2 型糖尿病的发病率正在迅速攀升。2 型糖尿病是由多器官功能障碍性葡萄糖代谢引起的。最近的出版物强调了下丘脑胰岛素和脂肪因子感应是外周葡萄糖和胰岛素反应性的主要决定因素。大量证据表明，大脑是葡萄糖稳态的主要调节者，特别是下丘脑胰岛素和瘦素信号在胰岛素抵抗的发展中起着至关重要的作用。这篇综述讨论了下丘脑、自主神经系统和与 2 型糖尿病发病机制相关的组织之间的神经元串扰，以及下丘脑胰岛素和瘦素信号如何对维持正常葡萄糖稳态至关重要。
