Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Pharmacol Rev. 2011 Jun;63(2):348-65. doi: 10.1124/pr.109.001933. Epub 2011 Apr 13.
Repeated exposure to drugs of abuse enhances the motor-stimulant response to these drugs, a phenomenon termed behavioral sensitization. Animals that are extinguished from self-administration training readily relapse to drug, conditioned cue, or stress priming. The involvement of sensitization in reinstated drug-seeking behavior remains controversial. This review describes sensitization and reinstated drug seeking as behavioral events, and the neural circuitry, neurochemistry, and neuropharmacology underlying both behavioral models will be described, compared, and contrasted. It seems that although sensitization and reinstatement involve overlapping circuitry and neurotransmitter and receptor systems, the role of sensitization in reinstatement remains ill-defined. Nevertheless, it is argued that sensitization remains a useful model for determining the neural basis of addiction, and an example is provided in which data from sensitization studies led to potential pharmacotherapies that have been tested in animal models of relapse and in human addicts.
反复接触滥用药物会增强对这些药物的运动兴奋剂反应，这一现象称为行为敏化。从自我给药训练中消退的动物很容易对药物、条件线索或应激刺激重新产生反应。敏化在重新出现的觅药行为中的参与仍然存在争议。本综述将敏化和重新出现的觅药描述为行为事件，描述和比较了这两种行为模型的神经回路、神经化学和神经药理学。似乎尽管敏化和重新激发涉及重叠的回路和神经递质和受体系统，但敏化在重新激发中的作用仍未明确界定。尽管如此，有人认为敏化仍然是确定成瘾神经基础的有用模型，并提供了一个例子，即敏化研究的数据导致了潜在的药物治疗方法，这些方法已在动物复发模型和人类成瘾者中进行了测试。
