Kessler J, Bardenheuer H J
Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, Zentrum für Schmerztherapie und Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 131, Heidelberg, Germany.
Anaesthesist. 2011 Jul;60(7):674-82. doi: 10.1007/s00101-011-1868-1.
The pharmacotherapy of tumor pain has two main aims: to deliver an adequate basic analgesia using long-term retarded opioid medication and an effective treatment of tumor breakthrough pain using rapidly effective non-retarded opioids. Breakthrough pain is characterized by a sudden onset and rapid increase in the pain level and should be treated with correspondingly rapidly effective opioids. The pharmacological characteristics of previously available and routinely prescribed non-retarded opioids do not always correspond in oral galenics to the demands resulting from the definition of tumor breakthrough pain. As alternatives to these substances five different rapidly effective fentanyl preparations are now available for transmucosal administration.
使用长效缓释阿片类药物提供足够的基础镇痛，并使用起效迅速的非缓释阿片类药物有效治疗肿瘤突破性疼痛。突破性疼痛的特点是突然发作且疼痛程度迅速加剧，应使用相应起效迅速的阿片类药物进行治疗。先前可用且常规处方的非缓释阿片类药物的药理学特性在口服制剂方面并不总是符合肿瘤突破性疼痛定义所产生的要求。作为这些药物的替代物，现在有五种不同的起效迅速的芬太尼制剂可用于经黏膜给药。
