Biosciences Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States.
J Agric Food Chem. 2011 May 25;59(10):5428-34. doi: 10.1021/jf2003915. Epub 2011 Apr 25.
Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) body burdens in the general U.S. population have been linked to the consumption of red meat and poultry. Exposure estimates have also indicated that meat products are a major contributor to PBDE dietary intake. To establish solid estimates of PBDE concentrations in domestic meat and poultry, samples from two statistically designed surveys of U.S. meat and poultry were analyzed for PBDEs. The two surveys were conducted in 2002-2003 and 2007-2008, between which times the manufacturing of penta-BDE and octa-BDE formulations had ceased in the United States (December 2004). Thus, the data provided an opportunity to observe prevalence and concentration trends that may have occurred during this time frame and to compare the mean PBDE levels among the meat and poultry industries. On the basis of composite samples, the average sum of the seven most prevalent PBDEs (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, and -183) decreased by >60% from 1.95 ng/g lipid in 2002-2003 to 0.72 ng/g lipid in 2007-2008 for meat and poultry. PBDEs measured in individual samples in 2008 showed that beef samples had the lowest PBDE levels followed by hogs and chickens and then by turkeys. The PBDE congener pattern was the same for both surveys and resembled the penta-BDE formulation with BDE-47 and -99 accounting for 30 and 40% of the total, respectively. On the basis of the data from the two surveys, it appears that PBDE levels in U.S. meat and poultry have declined since manufacturing ceased; however, exposure pathways of PBDEs to livestock are still not known.
多溴联苯醚（PBDE）在美国家庭中的含量与红肉和家禽的消费有关。暴露评估还表明，肉类产品是 PBDE 膳食摄入量的主要来源。为了确定国内肉类和家禽中 PBDE 的浓度，对美国肉类和家禽两项统计设计调查的样本进行了 PBDE 分析。这两项调查分别于 2002-2003 年和 2007-2008 年进行，在此期间，美国已停止生产五溴二苯醚和八溴二苯醚制剂（2004 年 12 月）。因此，这些数据提供了一个机会，可以观察在此期间可能发生的流行率和浓度趋势，并比较肉类和家禽行业之间的平均 PBDE 水平。基于复合样本，2007-2008 年肉禽中七种最常见的 PBDE（BDE-28、-47、-99、-100、-153、-154 和-183）的总和平均减少了>60%，从 2002-2003 年的 1.95ng/g 脂质减少到 2007-2008 年的 0.72ng/g 脂质。2008 年个别样本中测量的 PBDE 表明，牛肉样本的 PBDE 水平最低，其次是猪和鸡，然后是火鸡。这两个调查的 PBDE 同系物模式相同，类似于五溴二苯醚制剂，BDE-47 和 -99 分别占总量的 30%和 40%。根据这两项调查的数据，自停止生产以来，美国肉类和家禽中的 PBDE 水平似乎有所下降；然而，PBDE 对牲畜的暴露途径仍不清楚。
