Practical Guides Writing Group, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011 Jun;144(6):831-7. doi: 10.1177/0194599811399724. Epub 2011 Feb 14.
Surveys with questionnaires play a vital role in decision and policy making in society. Within medicine, including otolaryngology, surveys with questionnaires may be the only method for gathering data on rare or unusual events. In addition, questionnaires can be developed and validated to be used as outcome measures in clinical trials and other clinical research architecture. Consequently, it is fundamentally important that such tools be properly developed and validated. Just asking questions that have not gone through rigorous design and development may be misleading and unfair at best; at worst, they can result in under- or overtreatment and unnecessary expense. Furthermore, it is important that consumers of the data produced by these instruments understand the principles of questionnaire design to interpret results in an optimal and meaningful way. This article presents a practical guide for understanding the methodologies of survey and questionnaire design, including the concepts of validity and reliability, how surveys are administered and implemented, and, finally, biases and pitfalls of surveys.
问卷调查在社会决策和政策制定中起着至关重要的作用。在医学领域，包括耳鼻喉科，问卷调查可能是收集罕见或不常见事件数据的唯一方法。此外，还可以开发和验证问卷，将其用作临床试验和其他临床研究设计中的结局测量指标。因此，正确开发和验证这些工具至关重要。充其量，只是提出未经严格设计和开发的问题可能会产生误导和不公平；最坏的情况是，它们可能导致治疗不足或过度治疗以及不必要的费用。此外，重要的是，这些工具产生的数据的使用者理解问卷设计的原则，以便以最佳和有意义的方式解释结果。本文提供了一个实用指南，用于了解调查和问卷设计的方法学，包括有效性和可靠性的概念、调查的管理和实施方式，以及调查的偏差和陷阱。
