Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):336-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1201351.
Systems consisting of few interacting fermions are the building blocks of matter, with atoms and nuclei being the most prominent examples. We have created a few-body quantum system with complete control over its quantum state using ultracold fermionic atoms in an optical dipole trap. Ground-state systems consisting of 1 to 10 particles are prepared with fidelities of ∼90%. We can tune the interparticle interactions to arbitrary values using a Feshbach resonance and have observed the interaction-induced energy shift for a pair of repulsively interacting atoms. This work is expected to enable quantum simulation of strongly correlated few-body systems.
由少数相互作用的费米子组成的系统是物质的基本组成部分，原子和原子核就是最突出的例子。我们使用光学偶极阱中的超冷费米原子创建了一个可以完全控制其量子态的少体量子系统。通过使用费什巴赫共振，可以将由 1 到 10 个粒子组成的基态系统的保真度提高到约 90%。我们可以将粒子间的相互作用任意调节到所需的值，并观察到了一对相互排斥的原子之间的相互作用引起的能量移动。这项工作有望实现强关联少体系统的量子模拟。
