Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29406, USA.
Int J Psychiatry Med. 2011;41(1):15-28. doi: 10.2190/PM.41.1.c.
Depression and anxiety are the most common psychiatric conditions seen in the general medical setting, affecting millions of individuals in the United States. The treatments for depression and anxiety are multiple and have varying degrees of effectiveness. Physical activity has been shown to be associated with decreased symptoms of depression and anxiety. Physical activity has been consistently shown to be associated with improved physical health, life satisfaction, cognitive functioning, and psychological well-being. Conversely, physical inactivity appears to be associated with the development of psychological disorders. Specific studies support the use of exercise as a treatment for depression. Exercise compares favorably to antidepressant medications as a first-line treatment for mild to moderate depression and has also been shown to improve depressive symptoms when used as an adjunct to medications. While not as extensively studied, exercise has been shown to be an effective and cost-efficient treatment alternative for a variety of anxiety disorders. While effective, exercise has not been shown to reduce anxiety to the level achieved by psychopharmaceuticals.
抑郁和焦虑是在普通医疗环境中最常见的精神疾病，影响了美国数百万人。抑郁和焦虑的治疗方法有很多，其疗效也各不相同。身体活动已被证明与抑郁和焦虑症状的减轻有关。身体活动一直与改善身体健康、生活满意度、认知功能和心理幸福感有关。相反，身体活动不足似乎与心理障碍的发展有关。具体研究支持将运动作为治疗抑郁的一种方法。运动作为轻度至中度抑郁的一线治疗方法，效果可与抗抑郁药物相媲美，并且在作为药物辅助治疗时也已被证明可以改善抑郁症状。虽然研究不如其他方法广泛，但运动已被证明是治疗各种焦虑症的一种有效且具有成本效益的替代方法。虽然有效，但运动并不能将焦虑降低到精神药物所能达到的水平。
