澳大利亚腹泻乳牛犊主要肠道病原体的流行情况。
Prevalence of major enteric pathogens in Australian dairy calves with diarrhoea.
作者信息
Izzo M M, Kirkland P D, Mohler V L, Perkins N R, Gunn A A, House J K
机构信息
Livestock Veterinary Teaching and Research Unit, University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales 2570, Australia.
出版信息
Aust Vet J. 2011 May;89(5):167-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00692.x.
OBJECTIVE
Determine the prevalence of the major enteric pathogens in dairy and dairy beef calves with diarrhoea in Australia.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
METHODS
Faecal samples from 84 Australian dairy and dairy beef properties (597 samples) were screened for rotavirus and coronavirus using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, for Salmonella spp. using selective enrichment faecal culture, and for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (K99) and Cryptosporidium parvum using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A logistic regression with random effects model was used to compare prevalence of pathogens in dairy and dairy beef operations.
RESULTS
Enteric pathogens were isolated from 97.6% of outbreaks and 95.0% of samples. Rotavirus was the most common pathogen identified (477/597, 79.9%) followed by C. parvum (349/597, 58.5%), Salmonella spp. (142/597, 23.8%), coronavirus (129/597, 21.6%) and E. coli K99 (104/597, 17.4%). Multiple pathogens were identified on 96.4% of farms and from 71.0% of samples. Samples from dairy beef properties were more likely to have multiple pathogens than dairy properties (P < 0.05), whereas rotavirus and Salmonella spp. were more likely to be identified in samples collected from dairy beef than dairy properties (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Most outbreaks of calf diarrhoea in dairy and dairy beef operations involve multiple pathogens. Rotavirus and C. parvum were the most frequently identified pathogens across production systems. Salmonella spp. and rotavirus were more frequently identified in dairy beef operations.
目的
确定澳大利亚患腹泻的奶牛和奶肉兼用型犊牛中主要肠道病原体的流行情况。
设计
横断面研究。
方法
使用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应对来自84个澳大利亚奶牛场和奶肉兼用型牛场的粪便样本（共597份）进行轮状病毒和冠状病毒筛查，使用选择性富集粪便培养法筛查沙门氏菌属，使用商业酶联免疫吸附测定法筛查产肠毒素大肠杆菌（K99）和微小隐孢子虫。采用具有随机效应模型的逻辑回归来比较奶牛场和奶肉兼用型牛场中病原体的流行情况。
结果
在97.6%的疫情爆发病例和95.0%的样本中分离出肠道病原体。轮状病毒是最常见的病原体（477/597，79.9%），其次是微小隐孢子虫（349/597，58.5%）、沙门氏菌属（142/597，23.8%）、冠状病毒（129/597，21.6%）和大肠杆菌K99（104/597，17.4%）。在96.4%的农场和71.0%的样本中鉴定出多种病原体。与奶牛场的样本相比，奶肉兼用型牛场的样本更有可能含有多种病原体（P<0.05），而与奶牛场的样本相比，从奶肉兼用型牛采集的样本中更有可能鉴定出轮状病毒和沙门氏菌属（P<0.05）。
结论
奶牛场和奶肉兼用型牛场中大多数犊牛腹泻疫情涉及多种病原体。轮状病毒和微小隐孢子虫是在整个生产系统中最常鉴定出的病原体。沙门氏菌属和轮状病毒在奶肉兼用型牛场中更频繁地被鉴定出来。
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