Stone C M, Hamilton I M, Foster W A
Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 318 West 12th Avenue, Aronoff Laboratory, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A.
Anim Behav. 2011 Apr 1;81(4):765-774. doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.01.008.
The first 2-4 days after an Anopheles gambiae female mosquito emerges are critical to her survival and reproductive success. Yet, the order of behavioural events (mating, sugar feeding, blood feeding) during this time has received little attention. We discovered that among female cohorts sampled from emergence, sugar feeding had a higher probability than blood feeding of occurring first, and mating rarely occurred before a meal was taken. The night after emergence, 48% of females fed on sugar in mesocosms, and 25% fed on human blood; in the absence of sugar, 49% of females fed on human blood. After 5 days, 39% of the sugar-supplied females had blood fed and mated, and were fructose negative, whereas only 8% of the sugar-denied females had both blood fed and mated by this time. The model that best explained the transitions suggests that females made use of two distinct behavioural pathways, the most common one being to sugar-feed, then mate, and then seek blood. Other females sought blood first, then mated, and forwent a sugar meal. Lipid levels were higher in females with access to sugar than in females without access to sugar, particularly for those in later gonotrophic stages, while glycogen levels in the sugar-supplied group were higher throughout. In single-night experiments with females having had access to sucrose since emergence, those given a blood meal 1 day before spending a night with males had higher insemination rates than those not receiving the blood meal. These results indicate that the trade-off between survival and immediate reproduction is resolved by young adult females in accordance with availability of resources and gonotrophic state.
冈比亚按蚊雌蚊羽化后的头2至4天对其生存和繁殖成功至关重要。然而，这段时间内行为事件（交配、吸食糖源、吸食血液）的先后顺序却很少受到关注。我们发现，在羽化后采集的雌蚊群体中，吸食糖源先于吸食血液发生的概率更高，而且交配很少在进食之前发生。羽化后的当晚，48%的雌蚊在中型生态箱中吸食了糖源，25%的雌蚊吸食了人血；在没有糖源的情况下，49%的雌蚊吸食了人血。5天后，39%有糖源供应的雌蚊既吸食了血液又进行了交配，且果糖呈阴性，而此时只有8%无糖源供应的雌蚊既吸食了血液又进行了交配。最能解释这些转变的模型表明，雌蚊利用了两条不同的行为路径，最常见的一条是先吸食糖源，然后交配，再寻找血液。其他雌蚊则先寻找血液，然后交配，并且放弃了糖餐。有糖源供应的雌蚊的脂质水平高于无糖源供应的雌蚊，尤其是处于后期生殖营养阶段的雌蚊，而有糖源供应组的糖原水平在整个过程中都更高。在羽化后一直能接触蔗糖的雌蚊的单晚实验中，在与雄蚊共度一晚前1天给予血餐的雌蚊的受精率高于未接受血餐的雌蚊。这些结果表明，成年雌蚊根据资源可用性和生殖营养状态解决了生存与即时繁殖之间的权衡问题。
