Department of Clinical & Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, Groningen, 9712 TS The Netherlands.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2011 Aug;120(3):607-16. doi: 10.1037/a0023205.
Negative self-cognitions are assumed to play an important role in the onset of anxiety disorders. Current dual-process models emphasize the relevance of differentiating between more automatic and more deliberate self-cognitions in this respect. Therefore, this study was designed to test the prognostic value of both deliberate and automatic self-anxious associations as a generic vulnerability factor for the onset of anxiety disorders between baseline and 2-year follow-up. To test the disorder specificity of negative self-associations, we also measured self-depressed associations. Self-report measures of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, neuroticism, and fearful avoidance were included as covariates. Healthy controls (n=593), individuals who had depression (n=238), and individuals remitted from an anxiety disorder (n=448) were tested as part of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Deliberate self-anxious associations predicted the onset of anxiety disorders in all groups. Automatic self-anxious associations showed predictive validity only in individuals remitted from an anxiety disorder or in currently depressed individuals. Although deliberate self-depressed associations were related to the onset of anxiety disorders as well, automatic self-depressed associations were not. In the (remitted) patient groups, only deliberate self-anxious associations showed independent predictive value for the onset of anxiety disorders together with self-reported fearful avoidance behavior. In the healthy controls, only a composite index of negative emotionality (depressive or anxiety symptoms and neuroticism) showed independent predictive validity. This study provides the first evidence that automatic and deliberate self-anxious associations have predictive value for the future onset of anxiety disorders.
消极的自我认知被认为在焦虑障碍的发病中起着重要作用。目前的双过程模型强调在这方面区分更自动和更刻意的自我认知的相关性。因此，这项研究旨在测试在基线和 2 年随访期间，刻意的和自动的自我焦虑关联作为焦虑障碍发病的通用脆弱性因素的预后价值。为了测试消极自我关联的疾病特异性，我们还测量了自我抑郁关联。抑郁症状、焦虑症状、神经质和恐惧回避的自我报告测量被包括为协变量。健康对照组（n=593）、患有抑郁症的个体（n=238）和从焦虑障碍中缓解的个体（n=448）作为荷兰抑郁和焦虑研究的一部分进行了测试。刻意的自我焦虑关联预测了所有组的焦虑障碍发病。自动的自我焦虑关联仅在从焦虑障碍中缓解的个体或当前抑郁的个体中表现出预测效度。虽然刻意的自我抑郁关联也与焦虑障碍的发病有关，但自动的自我抑郁关联则不然。在（缓解的）患者组中，只有刻意的自我焦虑关联与自我报告的恐惧回避行为一起对焦虑障碍的发病具有独立的预测价值。在健康对照组中，只有消极情绪的综合指数（抑郁或焦虑症状和神经质）具有独立的预测效度。这项研究首次提供了证据，表明自动的和刻意的自我焦虑关联对未来焦虑障碍的发病具有预测价值。
