Geneva Motivation Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Emotion. 2011 Apr;11(2):320-8. doi: 10.1037/a0022593.
Two experiments tested the hypothesis that exposure to masked emotional expressions during the performance of cognitive tasks influences effort mobilization. In support of the predictions, participants who processed masked sad faces during task performance under "do your best" instructions showed stronger sympathetic nervous system discharge to the heart (shorter pre-ejection period, higher systolic blood pressure) than participants who were exposed to masked smiling faces or angry faces. Assessed task appraisals suggest that these effects on effort-related cardiovascular reactivity occurred because the masked emotional stimuli influenced the level of experienced task difficulty. The findings are compatible with the effects of consciously experienced affect on effort-related cardiovascular response.
两项实验检验了这样一种假设，即在执行认知任务时暴露于掩蔽的情绪表达会影响努力的调动。支持这一预测的是，与暴露于掩蔽的笑脸或怒脸相比，在“尽你所能”的指令下处理掩蔽的悲伤面孔的参与者在执行任务时表现出更强的交感神经系统对心脏的放电（射前期缩短，收缩压升高）。评估后的任务评估表明，这些对与努力相关的心血管反应性的影响是因为掩蔽的情绪刺激影响了所经历的任务难度水平。这些发现与有意识地经历情感对与努力相关的心血管反应的影响是一致的。
