Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.
Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011 Jun;28(6):404-11. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e328346d5a9.
The pneumatic tourniquet is frequently used for upper and lower limb surgery to reduce bleeding, improve visualisation of important structures and expedite surgical procedures. Despite advances in technology, localised tissue damage secondary to cuff compression, ischaemia-reperfusion injuries and systemic complications still occur. The combination of these problems may affect outcome and contribute to prolonged hospitalisation. Use of the correct pneumatic tourniquet cuff size and a patient-specific cuff pressure with careful control of the duration of inflation may help reduce the incidence of these injuries. The efficacy of ischaemic preconditioning or postconditioning, and experimental treatments such as free radical scavenging, and use of nitric oxide synthetase inhibitors on endothelial dysfunction, systemic neutrophil activation and coagulation reactions needs to be established.
气动止血带常用于上肢和下肢手术，以减少出血、提高重要结构的可视化程度并加快手术进程。尽管技术不断进步，但由于袖带压迫、缺血再灌注损伤和全身并发症引起的局部组织损伤仍时有发生。这些问题的组合可能会影响结果，并导致住院时间延长。使用正确的气动止血带袖带尺寸和针对特定患者的袖带压力，并谨慎控制充气时间，可能有助于降低这些损伤的发生率。需要确定缺血预处理或后处理、自由基清除等实验治疗以及使用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂对内皮功能障碍、全身中性粒细胞激活和凝血反应的疗效。
