Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan.
J Insect Physiol. 2011 Jul;57(7):930-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.04.002. Epub 2011 Apr 9.
We investigated whether diapause pupae of Byasa alcinous exhibit pupal color diphenism (or polyphenism) similar to the diapause pupal color polyphenism shown by Papilio xuthus. All diapause pupae of B. alcinous observed in the field during winter showed pupal coloration of a dark-brown type. When larvae were reared and allowed to reach pupation under short-day conditions at 18°C under a 60±5% relative humidity, diapause pupae exhibited pupal color types of brown (33%), light-brown (25%), yellowish-brown (21%), diapause light-yellow (14%) and diapause yellow (7%). When mature larvae reared at 18°C were transferred and allowed to reach pupation at 10°C and 25°C under a 60±5% relative humidity after a gut purge, the developmental ratio of brown and light-brown, yellowish-brown, and diapause light-yellow and diapause yellow types was 91.2, 8.8 and 0.0% at 10°C, and 12.2, 48.8 and 39.0% at 25°C, respectively. On the other hand, when mature larvae reared at 18°C were transferred and allowed to reach pupation at 10°C, 18°C and 25°C under an over 90% relative humidity after a gut purge, the developmental ratio of brown and light-brown, yellowish-brown, and diapause light-yellow and diapause yellow types was 79.8, 16.9 and 3.3% at 10°C, 14.5, 26.9 and 58.6% at 18°C, and 8.3, 21.2 and 70.5% at 25°C, respectively. These results indicate that diapause pupae of brown types are induced by lower temperature and humidity conditions, whereas yellow types are induced by higher temperature and humidity conditions. The findings of this study show that diapause pupae of B. alcinous exhibit pupal color diphenism comprising brown and diapause yellow types, and suggest that temperature and humidity experienced after a gut purge are the main factors that affect the diapause pupal coloration of B. alcinous as environmental cues.
我们研究了是否金裳凤蝶的滞育蛹表现出与 Papilio xuthus 的滞育蛹颜色多态性相似的蛹色二态性（或多态性）。在冬季野外观察到的所有金裳凤蝶的滞育蛹均表现出深棕色类型的蛹色。当幼虫在 18°C、相对湿度为 60±5%、短日照条件下饲养并允许其化蛹时，滞育蛹表现出棕色（33%）、浅棕色（25%）、黄褐色（21%）、滞育浅黄色（14%）和滞育黄色（7%）的蛹色类型。当在 18°C 饲养的成熟幼虫在肠道排空后转移到 10°C 和 25°C 并在 60±5%的相对湿度下化蛹时，棕色和浅棕色、黄褐色和滞育浅黄色和滞育黄色类型的发育比例分别为 91.2%、8.8%和 0.0%在 10°C，以及 12.2%、48.8%和 39.0%在 25°C。另一方面，当在 18°C 饲养的成熟幼虫在肠道排空后转移到 10°C、18°C 和 25°C 并在相对湿度超过 90%的条件下化蛹时，棕色和浅棕色、黄褐色和滞育浅黄色和滞育黄色类型的发育比例分别为 79.8%、16.9%和 3.3%在 10°C，14.5%、26.9%和 58.6%在 18°C，以及 8.3%、21.2%和 70.5%在 25°C。这些结果表明，棕色类型的滞育蛹是由较低的温度和湿度条件诱导的，而黄色类型是由较高的温度和湿度条件诱导的。本研究的结果表明，金裳凤蝶的滞育蛹表现出包括棕色和滞育黄色类型的蛹色二态性，并表明肠道排空后经历的温度和湿度是影响金裳凤蝶滞育蛹颜色的主要因素，作为环境线索。
