Irwin Annette L, Mertz Harold J
General Motors Company MC: 480-210-2G1, 30001 Van Dyke, Warren, MI, 48090-9020, USA.
Stapp Car Crash J. 2010 Nov;54:19-35. doi: 10.4271/2010-22-0002.
The biofidelity impact response corridors that were used to develop the Hybrid III family of dummies were established by scaling the various biofidelity corridors that were defined for the Hybrid III mid-size, adult male dummy. Scaling ratios for the responses of force, moment, acceleration, velocity, deflection, angle, stiffness and time were developed using dimensions and masses that were prescribed for the dummies. In addition, an elastic modulus ratio for bone was used to account for the differences between child and adult bone elastic properties. A similar method is being used by ISO/TC22/SC12/WG 5 to develop biofidelity guidelines for a family of side impact dummies based on scaling the biofidelity impact response corridors that are prescribed for WorldSID, a mid-size, adult male dummy. While the various biomechanical impact response requirements for the Hybrid III family of dummies and the WorldSID are documented in the literature, the scaling used to prescribe the dimensions of the impact surfaces that are used for the various biofidelity tests for various sizes of dummies are not documented. This paper describes the rationale for how these impact surfaces should be scaled, gives the scaling equations, and gives the dimensions of the impact surfaces that should be used for the various biofidelity tests of the different sizes of adult and child dummies. For future PMHS and human volunteer tests that are conducted to define impact biofidelity guidelines, it is recommended that the impact surfaces be scaled for the test subject size so that the data can be appropriately normalized to any size subject.
用于开发混合III型假人家族的生物逼真度冲击响应通道，是通过对为混合III型中型成年男性假人定义的各种生物逼真度通道进行缩放而建立的。使用为假人规定的尺寸和质量，制定了力、力矩、加速度、速度、挠度、角度、刚度和时间响应的缩放比例。此外，还使用了骨弹性模量比来考虑儿童和成人骨弹性特性之间的差异。ISO/TC22/SC12/WG 5正在使用类似的方法，通过对为中型成年男性假人WorldSID规定的生物逼真度冲击响应通道进行缩放，来制定一系列侧面碰撞假人的生物逼真度指南。虽然混合III型假人家族和WorldSID的各种生物力学冲击响应要求在文献中有记载，但用于为各种尺寸假人的各种生物逼真度测试规定冲击表面尺寸的缩放方法却没有记载。本文描述了这些冲击表面应如何缩放的基本原理，给出了缩放方程，并给出了应在不同尺寸的成人和儿童假人的各种生物逼真度测试中使用的冲击表面尺寸。对于未来为定义冲击生物逼真度指南而进行的PMHS和人体志愿者测试，建议根据测试对象的尺寸对冲击表面进行缩放，以便能够将数据适当地归一化到任何尺寸的对象。
