Danish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
Headache. 2011 May;51(5):752-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01892.x.
Pain research, and headache research in particular, during the 20th century, has generated an enormous volume of literature promulgating theories, questions, and temporary answers. This narrative review describes the most important events in the history of migraine research between 1910 and 2010. Based on the standard textbooks of headache: Wolff's Headache (1948 and 1963) and The Headaches (1993, 2000, and 2006) topics were selected for a historical review. Most notably these included: isolation and clinical introduction of ergotamine (1918); further establishment of vasodilation in migraine and the constrictive action of ergotamine (1938); identification of pain-sensitive structures in the head (1941); Lashley's description of spreading scotoma (1941); cortical spreading depression (CSD) of Leão (1944); serotonin and the introduction of methysergide (1959); spreading oligemia in migraine with aura (1981); oligemia in the wake of CSD in rats (1982); neurogenic inflammation theory of migraine (1987); a new headache classification (1988); the discovery of sumatriptan (1988); migraine and calcitonin gene-related peptide (1990); the brainstem "migraine generator" and PET studies (1995); migraine as a channelopathy, including research from the genetic perspective (1996); and finally, meningeal sensitization, central sensitization, and allodynia (1996). Pathophysiological ideas have evolved within a limited number of paradigms, notably the vascular, neurogenic, neurotransmitter, and genetic/molecular biological paradigm. The application of various new technologies played an important role within these paradigms, in particular neurosurgical techniques, EEG, methods to measure cerebral blood flow, PET imaging, clinical epidemiological, genetic, and molecular biological methods, the latter putting migraine (at least hemiplegic migraine) within a completely new classification of diseases.
疼痛研究，尤其是头痛研究，在 20 世纪产生了大量的文献，宣传各种理论、问题和临时答案。本叙事性综述描述了 1910 年至 2010 年间偏头痛研究史上最重要的事件。基于头痛的标准教科书：Wolff 的头痛（1948 年和 1963 年）和头痛（1993 年、2000 年和 2006 年），选择了一些主题进行历史回顾。其中最值得注意的包括：麦角胺的分离和临床应用（1918 年）；偏头痛中血管扩张和麦角胺收缩作用的确立（1938 年）；头部疼痛敏感结构的识别（1941 年）；Lashley 对扩散性盲点的描述（1941 年）；Leão 的皮质扩散性抑制（CSD）（1944 年）；血清素和麦角乙脲的引入（1959 年）；偏头痛先兆期的扩散性低氧血症（1981 年）；大鼠 CSD 后的低氧血症（1982 年）；偏头痛的神经源性炎症理论（1987 年）；新的头痛分类（1988 年）；舒马曲坦的发现（1988 年）；偏头痛与降钙素基因相关肽（1990 年）；脑干“偏头痛发生器”和 PET 研究（1995 年）；偏头痛作为通道病，包括遗传视角的研究（1996 年）；最后是脑膜致敏、中枢致敏和痛觉过敏（1996 年）。病理生理学思想在少数几个范式内发展，特别是血管、神经源性、神经递质和遗传/分子生物学范式。各种新技术的应用在这些范式内发挥了重要作用，特别是神经外科技术、脑电图、脑血流测量方法、PET 成像、临床流行病学、遗传和分子生物学方法，后者将偏头痛（至少偏瘫性偏头痛）置于一种全新的疾病分类中。
