Democritus University of Thrace, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Orestiada, Greece.
Anaerobe. 2011 Dec;17(6):276-9. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.03.011. Epub 2011 Apr 16.
Sheep herds are a significant capital of dairy industry in Greece, but as dairy farming becomes more complex and intense the need to provide assistance to dairy producers on milk quality is critical. In this study, the quality of raw milk produced in sheep farms of NE Greece was surveyed and the role of various factors was explored. In total, 21 dairy ewe's farms from the regions of Xanthi and Evros, in the north-eastern Greece were monitored. Milk samples were sampled after the morning milking every 15 days throughout the dairy period (March-June). For the study, a questionnaire was also filled by personal interview with the owners in order to collect information about herd characteristics, health status, handling practices etc. From each farm, air was also sampled for microbiological analysis. Milk samples were examined for chemical components: fat content, protein, lactose, non-fat dry matter (NFDM) and somatic cells count (SCC). Microbiological examination involved the estimation of Total Bacterial Counts (TBC), coliform count (CC), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp., and preliminary incubation count (PIC). The possible correlation among different bacterial species and their interaction with SCC and chemical components of milk was also considered. It was examined whether farm management practices could influence the hygiene and the quality of milk. Our results show that as an average TBCs were 5.48 log cfu/ml, SCC: 6.05 log cells/ml, CC: 4.49 log cfu/ml, S. aureus: 3.94 log cfu/ml, Streptococcus sp.: 4.95 log cfu/ml and PIC: 5.7 log cfu/ml. The mean fat, protein, lactose and NFDM were 6.17%, 5.28%, 4.73% and 10.95% respectively. The study revealed significant positive correlation between TBC and PIC (0.825), while SCC was marginally positive correlated with protein and NFDM. No statistically significant correlations observed among SCC with any of the bacterial species. Herd size and farm management practices had considerable influence on SCC and bacterial species.
绵羊养殖是希腊奶制品行业的重要资本，但随着奶制品养殖业变得更加复杂和集约化，为奶制品生产者提供牛奶质量方面的帮助至关重要。在这项研究中，调查了希腊东北部绵羊养殖场生产的原料奶的质量，并探讨了各种因素的作用。共有来自希腊东北部的赞特和埃夫罗斯地区的 21 个奶牛场的奶羊被监测。在整个产奶期（3 月至 6 月），每个奶羊场在每天早上挤奶后每隔 15 天采集一次牛奶样本。为了进行研究，还通过与农场主进行个人访谈填写了一份调查问卷，以收集有关畜群特征、健康状况、处理做法等信息。还从每个农场采集空气样本进行微生物分析。对牛奶样本进行了化学成分分析：脂肪含量、蛋白质、乳糖、非脂干物质（NFDM）和体细胞计数（SCC）。微生物学检查包括总细菌计数（TBC）、大肠菌群计数（CC）、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌和初步孵育计数（PIC）的估计。还考虑了不同细菌种类之间的可能相关性及其与 SCC 和牛奶化学成分的相互作用。研究了农场管理实践是否会影响牛奶的卫生和质量。我们的结果表明，平均 TBC 为 5.48 log cfu/ml，SCC 为 6.05 log 细胞/ml，CC 为 4.49 log cfu/ml，金黄色葡萄球菌为 3.94 log cfu/ml，链球菌为 4.95 log cfu/ml，PIC 为 5.7 log cfu/ml。平均脂肪、蛋白质、乳糖和 NFDM 分别为 6.17%、5.28%、4.73%和 10.95%。研究表明，TBC 与 PIC 之间存在显著的正相关（0.825），而 SCC 与蛋白质和 NFDM 呈边缘正相关。SCC 与任何细菌种类之间均未观察到统计学上显著的相关性。畜群规模和农场管理实践对 SCC 和细菌种类有相当大的影响。
