Department of Taxonomy, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences, CZ - 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.
Stud Mycol. 2011;68:163-91. doi: 10.3114/sim.2011.68.07.
We examined the phylogenetic relationships of two species that mimic Chaetosphaeria in teleomorph and anamorph morphologies, Chaetosphaeriatulasneorum with a Cylindrotrichum anamorph and Australiasca queenslandica with a Dischloridium anamorph. Four data sets were analysed: a) the internal transcribed spacer region including ITS1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 (ITS), b) nc28S (ncLSU) rDNA, c) nc18S (ncSSU) rDNA, and d) a combined data set of ncLSU-ncSSU-RPB2 (ribosomal polymerase B2). The traditional placement of Ch. tulasneorum in the Microascales based on ncLSU sequences is unsupported and Australiasca does not belong to the Chaetosphaeriaceae. Both holomorph species are nested within the Glomerellales. A new genus, Reticulascus, is introduced for Ch. tulasneorum with associated Cylindrotrichum anamorph; another species of Reticulascus and its anamorph in Cylindrotrichum are described as new. The taxonomic structure of the Glomerellales is clarified and the name is validly published. As delimited here, it includes three families, the Glomerellaceae and the newly described Australiascaceae and Reticulascaceae. Based on ITS and ncLSU rDNA sequence analyses, we confirm the synonymy of the anamorph genera Dischloridium with Monilochaetes. Consequently Dischloridium laeënse, type species of the genus, and three related species are transferred to the older genus Monilochaetes. The teleomorph of D. laeënse is described in Australiasca as a new species. The Plectosphaerellaceae, to which the anamorph genus Stachylidium is added, is basal to the Glomerellales in the three-gene phylogeny. Stilbella annulata also belongs to this family and is newly combined in Acrostalagmus. Phylogenetic analyses based on ncLSU, ncSSU, and combined ncLSU-ncSSU-RPB2 sequences clarify family relationships within the Microascales. The family Ceratocystidaceae is validated as a strongly supported monophyletic group consisting of Ceratocystis, Cornuvesica, Thielaviopsis, and the type species of Ambrosiella. The new family Gondwanamycetaceae, a strongly supported sister clade to the Ceratocystidaceae, is introduced for the teleomorph genus Gondwanamyces and its Custingophora anamorphs. Four families are accepted in the Microascales, namely the Ceratocystidaceae, Gondwanamycetaceae, Halosphaeriaceae, and Microascaceae. Because of a suggested affinity of a Faurelina indica isolate to the Microascales, the phylogenetic position of the Chadefaudiellaceae is reevaluated. Based on the results from a separate ncLSU analysis of the Dothideomycetes, Faurelina is excluded from the Microascales and placed in the Pleosporales.
我们研究了两个在有性型和无性型形态上模拟 Chaetosphaeria 的物种的系统发育关系，即 Chaetosphaeriatulasneorum 与 Cylindrotrichum 无性型和 Australiasca queenslandica 与 Dischloridium 无性型。分析了四个数据集：a）包含 ITS1、5.8S rDNA 和 ITS2（ITS）的内部转录间隔区，b）nc28S（ncLSU）rDNA，c）nc18S（ncSSU）rDNA，d）ncLSU-ncSSU-RPB2（核糖体聚合酶 B2）的组合数据集。基于 ncLSU 序列，传统上将 Ch. tulasneorum 置于 Microascales 中的位置是没有支持的，而 Australasia 不属于 Chaetosphaeriaceae。两个有性型物种都嵌套在 Glomerellales 中。为与 Cylindrotrichum 无性型相关联的 Ch. tulasneorum 引入了一个新属，Reticulascus；另一个新的 Reticulascus 物种及其在 Cylindrotrichum 中的无性型被描述为新种。澄清了 Glomerellales 的分类结构，并有效公布了该名称。在此定义范围内，它包括三个科，即 Glomerellaceae 和新描述的 Australiascaceae 和 Reticulascaceae。基于 ITS 和 ncLSU rDNA 序列分析，我们确认了无性型属 Dischloridium 与 Monilochaetes 的同义。因此，Dischloridium laeënse，该属的模式种，以及三个相关物种被转移到较老的属 Monilochaetes 中。D. laeënse 的有性型在 Australasia 中被描述为一个新种。在三基因系统发育中，添加了无性型属 Stachylidium 的 Plectosphaerellaceae 位于 Glomerellales 的基部。Stilbella annulata 也属于这个科，并在 Acrostalagmus 中被重新组合。基于 ncLSU、ncSSU 和组合的 ncLSU-ncSSU-RPB2 序列的系统发育分析澄清了 Microascales 内的科际关系。Ceratocystidaceae 作为由 Ceratocystis、Cornuvesica、Thielaviopsis 和 Ambrosiella 模式种组成的强烈支持的单系群被验证为一个科。新的 Gondwanamycetaceae 科被引入，作为与 Ceratocystidaceae 密切相关的一个强烈支持的姐妹群，用于 Gondwanamyces 及其 Custingophora 无性型。Microascales 中接受了四个科，即 Ceratocystidaceae、Gondwanamycetaceae、Halosphaeriaceae 和 Microascaceae。由于印度的 Faurelina indica 分离物与 Microascales 的亲和力暗示，Chadefaudiellaceae 的系统发育位置需要重新评估。基于对 Dothideomycetes 进行的单独 ncLSU 分析的结果，Faurelina 被排除在 Microascales 之外，并被归入 Pleosporales。
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