Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2011 Sep;110(1):80-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2011.04.001. Epub 2011 Apr 29.
Adults and children 5, 8, and 11 years of age listened to short excerpts of unfamiliar music that sounded happy, scary, peaceful, or sad. Listeners initially rated how much they liked each excerpt. They subsequently made a forced-choice judgment about the emotion that each excerpt conveyed. Identification accuracy was higher for young girls than for young boys, but both genders reached adult-like levels by age 11. High-arousal emotions (happiness and fear) were better identified than low-arousal emotions (peacefulness and sadness), and this advantage was exaggerated among younger children. Whereas children of all ages preferred excerpts depicting high-arousal emotions, adults favored excerpts depicting positive emotions (happiness and peacefulness). A preference for positive emotions over negative emotions was also evident among females of all ages. As identification accuracy improved, liking for positively valenced music increased among 5- and 8-year-olds but decreased among 11-year-olds.
5、8 和 11 岁的成年人和儿童听了短段陌生的音乐，这些音乐听起来欢快、恐怖、平和或悲伤。听众最初对每个片段的喜爱程度进行了评价。随后，他们对每个片段传达的情绪进行了强制性的选择判断。年轻女孩的识别准确率高于年轻男孩，但到 11 岁时，两种性别都达到了成人水平。高唤醒情绪（快乐和恐惧）比低唤醒情绪（平和和悲伤）更容易识别，而在年幼的孩子中，这种优势更为明显。所有年龄段的孩子都喜欢描绘高唤醒情绪的片段，而成年人则更喜欢描绘积极情绪（快乐和平和）的片段。所有年龄段的女性都表现出对积极情绪的偏好超过消极情绪。随着识别准确率的提高，5 岁和 8 岁的孩子对积极情绪的音乐的喜爱程度增加，但 11 岁的孩子则减少。
