Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Anxiety Disord. 2011 Aug;25(6):783-7. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.03.014. Epub 2011 Apr 1.
The present study investigated specificity of attentional biases for trauma-related stimuli using an Emotional Stroop Task. Participants were 14 women suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who had experienced a sexual trauma and 24 healthy non-traumatized women. They were asked to name print colors of 4 different word types: threatening sexual violence words and non-threatening sexual words, threatening accident trauma words, and positive words. Compared to control participants, PTSD patients displayed increased interference by threatening trauma-related, but not by accident trauma and positive words. Interference by non-threatening sexual words occurred as well, but only in those patients who suffered from more severe PTSD arousal symptoms. These findings suggest graded generalization of the attentional bias across stimuli of varying emotional valence, but specificity regarding the trauma topic. Results are discussed in light of current cognitive models of PTSD, and clinical implications are suggested.
本研究使用情绪斯特鲁普任务（Emotional Stroop Task）调查了对创伤相关刺激的注意力偏差的特异性。参与者包括 14 名患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的女性，她们曾经历过性创伤，以及 24 名健康的未受创伤的女性。要求他们说出 4 种不同类型单词的打印颜色：威胁性性暴力单词和非威胁性性单词、威胁性事故创伤单词和积极单词。与对照组相比，PTSD 患者对威胁性创伤相关刺激的干扰增加，而对事故创伤和积极单词的干扰则没有增加。非威胁性性单词也会引起干扰，但仅在那些 PTSD 唤醒症状更严重的患者中发生。这些发现表明，注意力偏差会在不同情绪效价的刺激物之间逐渐泛化，但对创伤主题具有特异性。研究结果结合当前的 PTSD 认知模型进行了讨论，并提出了临床意义。
